-
1 gratia
grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus] - Lebaigue P. 551 et P. 552. [st1]1 [-] agrément, charme, grâce, beauté (poet. et post-class.). - gratia verborum, Quint.: la grâce des expressions. - gratia villae, Plin.: l'agrément d'une villa. - neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13: la grâce ne masque pas son éloquence. - magnae veteribus curae fuit gratiam dicendi, Quint. 9: les anciens mettaient beaucoup de soin à agrémenter leurs discours. - gratia corporis, Suet. Vit. 3: agréments physiques. - gratia in vultu, Quint. 6, pr. 7: grâce dans le visage. - sincera sermonis Attici gratia, Quint. 10, 1, 65: la pure grâce du parler attique. - vinis gratiam affert fumus, Plin. 14, 16: la fumée donne un goût agréable aux vins. [st1]2 [-] faveur, complaisance, obligeance, grâce. - aliquid in beneficii et gratiae causa petere, Cic. Verr. 3, 189: demander qqch comme un bienfait et une grâce. --- cf. Verr. 3, 115. - gratiae causā, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7: par faveur. - alicui gratiam dare, Ter. Hec. 390: accorder une faveur à qqn. - alicui gratiam dicendi facere, Liv. 3, 41, 4: accorder à qqn la faveur de parler. --- cf. Suet. Aug. 38. - in gratiam alicujus, Liv. 28, 21, 4: pour complaire à qqn. --- cf. Liv. 28, 39, 12 ; 39, 26, 12. - abl. gratiā: pour l'amour de, à cause de [placé après son régime]. - hominum gratiā, Cic. Nat. 2, 158, pour les hommes. - Bruti conservandi gratiā, Cic. Ph. 14, 4: pour sauver Brutus. - si exempli gratiā vir bonus... Cic. Off. 3, 50: si, pour prendre un exemple, un honnête homme... - propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratiā propter voluptatem, Cic. 5, 30: en vue de n'importe quelle autre chose, par exemple, en vue du plaisir. - ea gratia, quod... Sall. J. 54, 4 ; 80, 4: pour ce motif que.... - meā gratiā, Plaut. Bac. 97: à cause de moi. - petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae ut... Verr. 2, 3: on demanda, comme une faveur et une grâce, la permission de... - alicui gratiam dare, Ter. (alicui gratiam facere, Plaut.): accorder une faveur à qqn. - facta Valerio dicendi gratia quae vellet, Liv. 3: on donna à Valérius l'autorisation de dire ce qu'il voulait. [st1]3 [-] remise accordée par complaisance. - alicui jurisjurandi gratiam facere, Plaut. Rud. 1415: faire à qqn remise de son serment, l'en délier. --- cf. Suet. Tib. 35. - gratiam, fecit conjurandi Bononiensibus, Suet. Aug. 17: il dispensa les habitants de Bologne de faire cause commune avec lui. --- cf. Suet. Dom. 14. - de cena facio gratiam, Plaut. Most. 1130: quant au souper, je t'en fais grâce (= non, merci). [st1]4 [-] faveur d'autrui, bonnes grâces, bonne entente, relations amicales, amitié, accord, concorde; indulgence, pardon, grâce. - inire gratiam ab aliquo: gagner l’amitié (la sympathie) de qqn, se concilier les bonnes grâces de qqn. - magnam inire gratiam, Cic. Fin. 4. 31: se mettre en grande faveur (en grand crédit). - gratiam inire ab aliquo, Cic. Verr. 4, 143: se mettre dans les bonnes grâces de qqn. - gratiam inire ad aliquem, Liv. 33, 46, 7 ; apud aliquem, Liv. 36, 5, 3: auprès de qqn. - ab aliquo gratiam inisse quod... Cic.: avoir mérité la faveur de qqn en... - ab aliquo summam gratiam inire, Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: gagner au plus haut point la faveur de qqn. - in gratiam alicujus venire: trouver grâce auprès de qqn. - gratiam alicujus sequi: rechercher les bonnes grâces de qqn. - componere aliquid cum bona gratia, Ter.: régler une affaire à l'amiable. - alicui delicti gratiam facere, Sall. J. 104, 5: pardonner à qqn une faute. - gratiam alicujus sibi conciliare, Cic. Pomp. 70: se concilier la faveur de qqn. - aliquam bonam gratiam sibi quaerere, Cic. Pomp. 71: rechercher pour soi quelques bonnes grâces avantageuses. - aliquem apud aliquem in maxima gratia ponere, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6: mettre qqn dans les meilleures grâces de qqn. - plures ineuntur gratiae si... Cic. Br. 209: on se gagne plus souvent la faveur si (on se fait plus d'amis, si...). --- cf. Cic. Mur. 24 ; Agr. 2, 7. - multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione provincia afferre, Cic. Mur. 42: rapporter de sa province avec la meilleure réputation une quantité de bonnes sympathies. - si suam gratiam Romani velint,... Caes. BG. 4, 7, 4: [ils disent] que si les Romains veulent leur amitié. - in gratiam cum aliquo redire, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 7 ; Prov. 20, etc.: renouer des relations d'amitié avec qqn, se réconcilier avec qqn. - restituere aliquem in gratiam cum aliquo, Cic. Prov 23: remettre qqn en amitié avec qqn. --- [reducere Cic. R. P. 19]. - Sallustium restituere in ejus veterem gratiam non potui, Cic. Att. 1, 3, 3: je n'ai pu ramener Sallustius à ses vieilles relations avec lui. - cum aliquo in gratia esse, Fam. 1, 9, 4: être en bons termes avec qqn. - mihi cum illo magna gratia erat, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 20: j'étais en fort bons termes avec lui. - cum bona gratia, cum mala, Ter. Ph. 621: en bonne, en mauvaise intelligence. - istuc quod postulo inpetro cum gratia, Ter. And. 422: ce que je demande, je l'obtiens de bon gré. - per gratiam, Plaut. Mil. 979: de bonne grâce. [st1]5 [-] crédit, pouvoir, influence, popularité. - gratiā plurimum posse, Caes. BG. 1, 9, 3: avoir le plus grand pouvoir par son crédit (être très influent). - cf. Caes. BG. 1, 20, 2 ; 7, 63, 2 ; BC. 2, 44, 1, etc. - Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos, Caes. BG. 2 6, 4: le Rémois Iccius, qui tenait parmi les siens le plus haut rang par sa noblesse et son crédit. - res contra nos faciunt, summa gratia et eloquentia, Cic. Quinct. 1: nous avons comme adversaires le crédit et l'éloquence au plus haut degré. - cf. Cic. Cael. 19 ; Off. 2, 64. - summā gratiā inter suos, Caes.: d'une très grande influence dans son pays. - auctior est gratiā, Caes.: il grandit en influence. - quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat, Liv. 40: ce triomphe, de toute évidence, il le devait plus à son influence qu'à l'importance de ses exploits. - summa apud populum gratia, Cic. Rep 2, 60: la plus grande popularité. - gratia alicujus, Cic Amer. 28: le crédit, l'influence de qqn. - per gratiam contendere, ut... Cic. Verr. pr. 48: faire appel aux influences pour obtenir que... [st1]6 [-] reconnaissance, gratitude, actions de grâces, gré. - gratiae, ārum: marques de reconnaissance, remerciement. - gratias agere alicui, Cic. Phil. 1, 3: adresser des remerciements à qqn. - gratiarum actio, Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 1: adresse (expression) de remerciements. - maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus, Cic. Phil. 3, 25: nous devons tous et vous remercier vivement et éprouver pour vous la plus vive reconnaissance. - gratias habere, Liv. 24, 37, 7: remercier. - alicui gratias agere de re (pro re): rendre grâces à qqn au sujet de qqch, remercier qqn au sujet de qqch. - gratiam habere alicui: savoir gré à qqn, avoir de la reconnaissance pour qqn. - gratiam alicui referre, Cic. Br. 217 ; de Or. 3, 14: témoigner à qqn sa reconnaissance en retour. - praeclaram gratiam alicui referre, Cic. Cat. 1, 28: montrer une belle reconnaissance à qqn. - habere gratiam, Cic. Off. 2, 69: avoir de la reconnaissance. - mais habebo apud posteros gratiam, Sen. Ep. 21, 5: j'aurai la faveur de la postérité. - alicui gratias referre Cic. Planc. 101: donner à qqn des marques (preuves) de reconnaissance. --- cf. Cic. Phil. 3, 39. - gratiam dis persolvere, Cic. Planc. 80: s'acquitter envers les dieux d'une dette de reconnaissance. - alicui pro aliqua re gratias agere, Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16: remercier qqn pour [de] qqch. - alicui in aliqua re gratias agere, Cic. Att. 2. 24. 2: - alicui ob aliquam rem gratias agere: remercier qqn de qqch. --- Liv. 34, 50, 4; Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 2. - est dis gratia, cum... Ter. Ad. 138: il y a à remercier les dieux, du moment que... - dis gratia ! Ter. Ad. 121, dieu merci ! grâce aux dieux ! - gratiast, Plaut. Men. 387: bien obligé ! merci bien ! [st1]7 [-] grātĭā + gén.: à cause de, pour faire plaisir, en faveur de, pour l'amour de, à titre de. - grātĭā + gérond. ou adj. verbal au gén.: en vue de, pour. - verbi gratiā (exempli gratiā): par exemple, à titre d'exemple. - patris gratiā: pour l'amour de la patrie. - meā (tuā, nostrā) gratiā: pour moi (pour toi, pour nous). - surrexit respondendi gratiā: il se leva pour répondre. - pugnat servandae patriae gratiā: il combat pour sauver sa patrie. - consolandi tui gratiā dicent: ils diront pour te consoler. - legatos ad Caesarem sui purgandi gratia mittunt, Caes. BG. 7: ils envoient des députés auprès de César pour se disculper. [st1]8 [-] grātĭīs ou grātīs: sans rétribution, gratuitement, gratis. - si non pretio, at gratiis, Ter. Ad.: sinon contre argent sonnant, du moins gratis. - cave ne gratis hic tibi constet amor ! Ov.: prends garde que cet amour ne te rapporte rien! - is repente, ut Romam venit, gratiis praetor factus est, Cic. Verr. 2, 1: cet homme, à peine arrivé de Rome, le voilà, tout à coup, devenu gratuitement préteur. [st1]9 [-] grâce (de Dieu); charisme. - gratiae tuae deputo et misericordiae tuae, quod peccata mea tamquam glaciem solvisti, Aug. Conf. 2: à votre grâce, à votre miséricorde je rapporte d’avoir fondu la glace de mes péchés. - prophetarum gratia, Ambr. de Off. 1, 1, 2: le charisme des prophètes. [st1]10 [-] grātiae, ārum, f.: les (trois) Grâces (Aglaé, Thalie, Euphrosyne). - [gr]gr. Χάριτες. - Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3 ; Serv. En. 1, 720 ; Hor. O. 1, 30, 6, etc ; Quint. 10, 1, 82. - sing. collect. Grātia, ae, Ov. M. 6, 429: les Grâces. - voir hors site les Charites / les Grâces.* * *grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus] - Lebaigue P. 551 et P. 552. [st1]1 [-] agrément, charme, grâce, beauté (poet. et post-class.). - gratia verborum, Quint.: la grâce des expressions. - gratia villae, Plin.: l'agrément d'une villa. - neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13: la grâce ne masque pas son éloquence. - magnae veteribus curae fuit gratiam dicendi, Quint. 9: les anciens mettaient beaucoup de soin à agrémenter leurs discours. - gratia corporis, Suet. Vit. 3: agréments physiques. - gratia in vultu, Quint. 6, pr. 7: grâce dans le visage. - sincera sermonis Attici gratia, Quint. 10, 1, 65: la pure grâce du parler attique. - vinis gratiam affert fumus, Plin. 14, 16: la fumée donne un goût agréable aux vins. [st1]2 [-] faveur, complaisance, obligeance, grâce. - aliquid in beneficii et gratiae causa petere, Cic. Verr. 3, 189: demander qqch comme un bienfait et une grâce. --- cf. Verr. 3, 115. - gratiae causā, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7: par faveur. - alicui gratiam dare, Ter. Hec. 390: accorder une faveur à qqn. - alicui gratiam dicendi facere, Liv. 3, 41, 4: accorder à qqn la faveur de parler. --- cf. Suet. Aug. 38. - in gratiam alicujus, Liv. 28, 21, 4: pour complaire à qqn. --- cf. Liv. 28, 39, 12 ; 39, 26, 12. - abl. gratiā: pour l'amour de, à cause de [placé après son régime]. - hominum gratiā, Cic. Nat. 2, 158, pour les hommes. - Bruti conservandi gratiā, Cic. Ph. 14, 4: pour sauver Brutus. - si exempli gratiā vir bonus... Cic. Off. 3, 50: si, pour prendre un exemple, un honnête homme... - propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratiā propter voluptatem, Cic. 5, 30: en vue de n'importe quelle autre chose, par exemple, en vue du plaisir. - ea gratia, quod... Sall. J. 54, 4 ; 80, 4: pour ce motif que.... - meā gratiā, Plaut. Bac. 97: à cause de moi. - petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae ut... Verr. 2, 3: on demanda, comme une faveur et une grâce, la permission de... - alicui gratiam dare, Ter. (alicui gratiam facere, Plaut.): accorder une faveur à qqn. - facta Valerio dicendi gratia quae vellet, Liv. 3: on donna à Valérius l'autorisation de dire ce qu'il voulait. [st1]3 [-] remise accordée par complaisance. - alicui jurisjurandi gratiam facere, Plaut. Rud. 1415: faire à qqn remise de son serment, l'en délier. --- cf. Suet. Tib. 35. - gratiam, fecit conjurandi Bononiensibus, Suet. Aug. 17: il dispensa les habitants de Bologne de faire cause commune avec lui. --- cf. Suet. Dom. 14. - de cena facio gratiam, Plaut. Most. 1130: quant au souper, je t'en fais grâce (= non, merci). [st1]4 [-] faveur d'autrui, bonnes grâces, bonne entente, relations amicales, amitié, accord, concorde; indulgence, pardon, grâce. - inire gratiam ab aliquo: gagner l’amitié (la sympathie) de qqn, se concilier les bonnes grâces de qqn. - magnam inire gratiam, Cic. Fin. 4. 31: se mettre en grande faveur (en grand crédit). - gratiam inire ab aliquo, Cic. Verr. 4, 143: se mettre dans les bonnes grâces de qqn. - gratiam inire ad aliquem, Liv. 33, 46, 7 ; apud aliquem, Liv. 36, 5, 3: auprès de qqn. - ab aliquo gratiam inisse quod... Cic.: avoir mérité la faveur de qqn en... - ab aliquo summam gratiam inire, Cic. Att. 7, 9, 3: gagner au plus haut point la faveur de qqn. - in gratiam alicujus venire: trouver grâce auprès de qqn. - gratiam alicujus sequi: rechercher les bonnes grâces de qqn. - componere aliquid cum bona gratia, Ter.: régler une affaire à l'amiable. - alicui delicti gratiam facere, Sall. J. 104, 5: pardonner à qqn une faute. - gratiam alicujus sibi conciliare, Cic. Pomp. 70: se concilier la faveur de qqn. - aliquam bonam gratiam sibi quaerere, Cic. Pomp. 71: rechercher pour soi quelques bonnes grâces avantageuses. - aliquem apud aliquem in maxima gratia ponere, Cic. Att. 5, 11, 6: mettre qqn dans les meilleures grâces de qqn. - plures ineuntur gratiae si... Cic. Br. 209: on se gagne plus souvent la faveur si (on se fait plus d'amis, si...). --- cf. Cic. Mur. 24 ; Agr. 2, 7. - multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione provincia afferre, Cic. Mur. 42: rapporter de sa province avec la meilleure réputation une quantité de bonnes sympathies. - si suam gratiam Romani velint,... Caes. BG. 4, 7, 4: [ils disent] que si les Romains veulent leur amitié. - in gratiam cum aliquo redire, Cic. Att. 1, 14, 7 ; Prov. 20, etc.: renouer des relations d'amitié avec qqn, se réconcilier avec qqn. - restituere aliquem in gratiam cum aliquo, Cic. Prov 23: remettre qqn en amitié avec qqn. --- [reducere Cic. R. P. 19]. - Sallustium restituere in ejus veterem gratiam non potui, Cic. Att. 1, 3, 3: je n'ai pu ramener Sallustius à ses vieilles relations avec lui. - cum aliquo in gratia esse, Fam. 1, 9, 4: être en bons termes avec qqn. - mihi cum illo magna gratia erat, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 20: j'étais en fort bons termes avec lui. - cum bona gratia, cum mala, Ter. Ph. 621: en bonne, en mauvaise intelligence. - istuc quod postulo inpetro cum gratia, Ter. And. 422: ce que je demande, je l'obtiens de bon gré. - per gratiam, Plaut. Mil. 979: de bonne grâce. [st1]5 [-] crédit, pouvoir, influence, popularité. - gratiā plurimum posse, Caes. BG. 1, 9, 3: avoir le plus grand pouvoir par son crédit (être très influent). - cf. Caes. BG. 1, 20, 2 ; 7, 63, 2 ; BC. 2, 44, 1, etc. - Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos, Caes. BG. 2 6, 4: le Rémois Iccius, qui tenait parmi les siens le plus haut rang par sa noblesse et son crédit. - res contra nos faciunt, summa gratia et eloquentia, Cic. Quinct. 1: nous avons comme adversaires le crédit et l'éloquence au plus haut degré. - cf. Cic. Cael. 19 ; Off. 2, 64. - summā gratiā inter suos, Caes.: d'une très grande influence dans son pays. - auctior est gratiā, Caes.: il grandit en influence. - quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat, Liv. 40: ce triomphe, de toute évidence, il le devait plus à son influence qu'à l'importance de ses exploits. - summa apud populum gratia, Cic. Rep 2, 60: la plus grande popularité. - gratia alicujus, Cic Amer. 28: le crédit, l'influence de qqn. - per gratiam contendere, ut... Cic. Verr. pr. 48: faire appel aux influences pour obtenir que... [st1]6 [-] reconnaissance, gratitude, actions de grâces, gré. - gratiae, ārum: marques de reconnaissance, remerciement. - gratias agere alicui, Cic. Phil. 1, 3: adresser des remerciements à qqn. - gratiarum actio, Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 1: adresse (expression) de remerciements. - maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus, Cic. Phil. 3, 25: nous devons tous et vous remercier vivement et éprouver pour vous la plus vive reconnaissance. - gratias habere, Liv. 24, 37, 7: remercier. - alicui gratias agere de re (pro re): rendre grâces à qqn au sujet de qqch, remercier qqn au sujet de qqch. - gratiam habere alicui: savoir gré à qqn, avoir de la reconnaissance pour qqn. - gratiam alicui referre, Cic. Br. 217 ; de Or. 3, 14: témoigner à qqn sa reconnaissance en retour. - praeclaram gratiam alicui referre, Cic. Cat. 1, 28: montrer une belle reconnaissance à qqn. - habere gratiam, Cic. Off. 2, 69: avoir de la reconnaissance. - mais habebo apud posteros gratiam, Sen. Ep. 21, 5: j'aurai la faveur de la postérité. - alicui gratias referre Cic. Planc. 101: donner à qqn des marques (preuves) de reconnaissance. --- cf. Cic. Phil. 3, 39. - gratiam dis persolvere, Cic. Planc. 80: s'acquitter envers les dieux d'une dette de reconnaissance. - alicui pro aliqua re gratias agere, Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16: remercier qqn pour [de] qqch. - alicui in aliqua re gratias agere, Cic. Att. 2. 24. 2: - alicui ob aliquam rem gratias agere: remercier qqn de qqch. --- Liv. 34, 50, 4; Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 2. - est dis gratia, cum... Ter. Ad. 138: il y a à remercier les dieux, du moment que... - dis gratia ! Ter. Ad. 121, dieu merci ! grâce aux dieux ! - gratiast, Plaut. Men. 387: bien obligé ! merci bien ! [st1]7 [-] grātĭā + gén.: à cause de, pour faire plaisir, en faveur de, pour l'amour de, à titre de. - grātĭā + gérond. ou adj. verbal au gén.: en vue de, pour. - verbi gratiā (exempli gratiā): par exemple, à titre d'exemple. - patris gratiā: pour l'amour de la patrie. - meā (tuā, nostrā) gratiā: pour moi (pour toi, pour nous). - surrexit respondendi gratiā: il se leva pour répondre. - pugnat servandae patriae gratiā: il combat pour sauver sa patrie. - consolandi tui gratiā dicent: ils diront pour te consoler. - legatos ad Caesarem sui purgandi gratia mittunt, Caes. BG. 7: ils envoient des députés auprès de César pour se disculper. [st1]8 [-] grātĭīs ou grātīs: sans rétribution, gratuitement, gratis. - si non pretio, at gratiis, Ter. Ad.: sinon contre argent sonnant, du moins gratis. - cave ne gratis hic tibi constet amor ! Ov.: prends garde que cet amour ne te rapporte rien! - is repente, ut Romam venit, gratiis praetor factus est, Cic. Verr. 2, 1: cet homme, à peine arrivé de Rome, le voilà, tout à coup, devenu gratuitement préteur. [st1]9 [-] grâce (de Dieu); charisme. - gratiae tuae deputo et misericordiae tuae, quod peccata mea tamquam glaciem solvisti, Aug. Conf. 2: à votre grâce, à votre miséricorde je rapporte d’avoir fondu la glace de mes péchés. - prophetarum gratia, Ambr. de Off. 1, 1, 2: le charisme des prophètes. [st1]10 [-] grātiae, ārum, f.: les (trois) Grâces (Aglaé, Thalie, Euphrosyne). - [gr]gr. Χάριτες. - Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3 ; Serv. En. 1, 720 ; Hor. O. 1, 30, 6, etc ; Quint. 10, 1, 82. - sing. collect. Grātia, ae, Ov. M. 6, 429: les Grâces. - voir hors site les Charites / les Grâces.* * *Gratia, gratiae: pen. corr. Cic. Grace, Bien et plaisir qu'on fait à aucun qui ne l'a pas merité et desservi.\Postulare gratiam apponi sibi. Terent. Demander qu'on luy scache bon gré.\Aduersus animus gratiae. Quintil. Contraire et ennemi de faveur, Qui hait jugements et toutes autres choses faictes par faveur, Qui ne se laisse corrompre par faveur.\Obnoxius animus gratiae. Quintil. Subject et enclin à favoriser les grands, à complaire et porter faveur aux grands.\Gratia dis. Ouid. Graces à Dieu, Dieu merci.\Nullam ingenii sperantes gratiam. Quintil. Louange.\Improba. Iuuen. Faveur meschante, Quand un juge par faveur absould un meschant.\Iuuenilis. Stat. Grace et beaulté de jeunesse.\Siquid benefacias, leuior pluma est gratia. Plaut. Ils n'en scavent ne gré ne grace, ou bien peu.\Gratia magna Ioui. Tibull. Grand merci à Dieu.\Nulla mala gratia Senatus aliquid facere. Cic. Sans qu'on en scache mauvais gré au Senat.\Debita sit facto gratia nulla meo. Ouid. Qu'on ne me scache point de gré de ce que j'ay faict, et qu'on ne m'en donne aucune retribution.\Fratrum rara gratia. Ouid. Peu de freres s'entr'aiment et s'accordent.\Viuax gratia. Horat. Perpetuelle.\Abest gratia officio. Ouid. Quand le plaisir qu'on fait, n'est point aggreable, et qu'on n'en scait point de gré.\Capere gratiam, dicitur animus. Cic. Quand il entend bien la grandeur du plaisir qu'il luy a esté faict.\Colligere gratiam ex priuatorum negotiis. Cic. Acquerir credit et bon gré, et l'amitié de beaucoup de gens.\Commemorare gratiam. Cic. Raconter un bienfaict ou plaisir que nous avons receu d'aucun.\Cum bona gratia aliquid componere. Terent. Accorder et appoincter quelque different par amitié et amour, Amiablement, Gratieusement.\Componere gratiam inter aliquos. Terent. Faire l'appoinctement entre aucuns.\Cupio gratiam tuam. Plaut. Je desire d'estre en ta grace.\Debere gratiam. Cic. Estre tenu et obligé de scavoir bon gré à aucun, pour quelque bienfaict ou plaisir que nous avons receu de luy.\Cum bona gratia dimittere aliquem. Cic. Sans le courroucer ou fascher.\Dissiluit gratia fratrum. Horat. L'amitié a esté separee et rompue.\Exornare aliquid gratia et venere. Quintil. De grace et beaulté de langage.\Facere gratiam iusiurandi. Plaut. Tenir aucun quicte de son serment tout ainsi que s'il avoit juré, Ne le faire point jurer.\Facere gratiam delicti. Liu. Pardonner, N'en demander rien à aucun.\Per gratiam legem alicui ferre. Cic. Par faveur.\Habere gratiam senectuti. Plaut. En scavoir bon gré à vieillesse.\Habere gratiam. Terent. Se tenir obligé envers aucun de quelque plaisir, et luy en scavoir bon gré, et ne luy avoir pas encore rendu le plaisir.\Incessere. Quintil. Impugner la faveur.\Inire gratiam ab aliquo. Cic. Acquerir la bonne grace d'aucun pour luy avoir faict quelque plaisir.\Languet mihi gratia. Silius. Je ne suis plus en telle grace que je souloye, Mon credit se diminue.\Negligere gratiam alicuius. Plaut. Ne tenir compte de l'amitié d'aucun, Ne la priser rien.\Parare gratiam. Quintil. Acquerir.\Petere gratiam a patre. Plaut. Demander grace et pardon.\Ponere aliquem in gratiam apud alterum. Cic. Le mettre en grace.\Apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam. Cic. Je feray l'appoinctement entre vous deux.\Non praecipiam gratiam publici beneficii. Liu. Je ne prendray point devant, Je ne preoccuperay ou anticiperay point.\Quaerere gratiam. Cic. Demander qu'on nous scache bon gré, et qu'on recongnoisse le plaisir qu'avons faict.\Recipere in gratiam. Cic. Aimer aucun et le recevoir en sa bonne grace.\Reddere gratiam. Cic. Rendre le plaisir ou desplaisir qu'on nous a faict, Rendre la pareille.\Redire in gratiam cum aliquo. Cic. Retourner en grace, Se reconcilier.\Redigere aliquos in gratiam. Terent. Les remettre d'accord, Remettre en amitié.\Referre gratiam. Terent. Rendre le plaisir ou desplaisir qu'on nous a faict, Rendre la pareille.\Restituere in gratiam. Cic. Remettre en grace.\Retinere alicuius gratiam. Cic. Entretenir son amitié.\Scribere gratias. Gell. Remercier par lettres.\Erat in Syria nostrum nomen in gratia. Cic. Ceulx de Syrie nous aimoyent, Nous estions en leur grace.\Esse in gratia cum aliquo. Cic. Estre aimé de luy, et avoir credit envers luy, Estre en sa grace.\Cum illo magna est mihi gratia. Cic. J'ay grande amitié avec luy.\Cum illo nulla est mihi gratia. Propert. Je n'ay nulle amitié avec luy.\Est gratia. Plaut. Je t'en remercie, Je t'en scay bon gré.\Neque veteranorum, neque possessorum gratiam tenuit. Suet. Il n'a obtenu, Il n'a acquis, Il n'a eu la grace, etc.\Trahere sibi gratiam recte factorum. Tacit. Tirer à soy, S'attribuer.\Tribuere gratiam alicuius rei inuentori. Cic. Attribuer honneur et louange.\Hic nunc credit ea me hic restitisse gratia. Terent. Pour ceste cause, Pour l'amour de cela.\Mitte hunc mea gratia. Plaut. Pour l'amour de moy.\Actio gratiarum. Cic. Remerciement, Regratiement.\Agere gratias et grates. Plaut. Cic. Liu. Remercier, Regratier, Rendre graces, Dire grand merci.\Bibulus Pompeium fecerat certiorem, vt caueret insidias. In quo ei Pompeius gratias egerat. Cic. Dequoy Pompee l'avoit remercié. -
2 Gratia
grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].I.(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):B.pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,
Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,
id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:aliquem restituere in gratiam,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,
id. Att. 1, 3, 3:in gratiam reducere,
id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:alicujus gratiam sequi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,
id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:ab aliquo inire gratiam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,
id. Att. 7, 9, 3:magnam inire gratiam,
id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,
Liv. 33, 46, 7:apud regem gratiam initam volebant,
id. 36, 5, 3:at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!
Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),
Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,
id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,
Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,
with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,
credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:gratiā plurimum posse,
id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,
id. ib. 7, 63, 1:gratiā valere,
id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,
Juv. 13, 4:quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,
Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,
tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,
id. ib. 11, 24:non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;2.esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,
Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:corporis,
id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,
Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,
charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),
Quint. 10, 1, 96:sermonis Attici,
id. ib. 65;12, 10, 35: dicendi,
id. 9, 3, 74:brevitatis novitatisque,
id. ib. 58:omnis bene scriptorum,
id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,
Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.II. A.In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):B.ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:hanc gratiam ut sibi des,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,
excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:alicui delicti gratiam facere,
to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,
id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,
id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,
to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,
id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:in gratiam alicujus,
id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,
for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,
Juv. 8, 64.—In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):A.quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,
Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,
id. ib. 2, 53, 161:immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,
id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,
Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,
id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,
id. Fam. 1, 10:justissimas gratias agere,
id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,
id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,
to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,
id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,
id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,
id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,
if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:gratias habere,
Liv. 24, 37, 7:alicui summas gratias habere,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,
Vitr. 6 praef. 4:merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,
id. Planc. 33, 80:pro beneficio gratiam repetere,
Liv. 1, 47, 7:gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,
Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,
Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,
Sen. Ep. 81 med.;rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),
to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,
I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,
thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).(α).With gen.:(β).sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,
lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:honoris gratia nomino,
Cic. Quint. 7, 28:nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,
Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,
Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:hereditatis gratia,
id. 5, 12, 5:quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,
Sall. C. 23, 1:profectus gratia dicere,
Quint. 2, 10, 9:brevitatis gratia,
id. 4, 2, 43:decoris gratia,
id. 8, 6, 65:difficultatis gratia,
id. 9, 2, 77:aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,
id. 9, 2, 8:praesentis gratia litis,
id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:tentandi gratia,
Sall. J. 47, 2:hiemandi gratia,
id. ib. 61, 3:colloquendi gratia,
id. ib. 61, 4:placandi gratia,
id. ib. 71, 5:simulandi gratia,
id. ib. 37, 4:sui exposcendi gratia,
Nep. Hann. 7, 6:amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,
Quint. 9, 3, 28:elevandae invidiae gratia,
id. 5, 13, 40:recuperandae dignitatis gratia,
id. 11, 1, 79:vitandae similitudinis gratia,
id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,exempli gratia,
Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,
Quint. 6, 5, 6:eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,
Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,
for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:gratiā decoris,
Quint. 8 praef. §18: compositionis,
id. 9, 4, 58:lenitatis,
id. 9, 4, 144:significationis,
id. 8, 6, 2.—With pron. (mostly ante-class.):B.meā gratiā,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:abire istac gratia,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,eā gratiā,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,
Sall. J. 54, 4:id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 80, 4.—grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,
id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,
into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,
Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),
Mart. 14, 175, 2:id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:gratis rei publicae servire,
id. Clu. 26, 71:tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,
Mart. 5, 16, 10:virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,
Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §48: habitent gratis in alieno?
id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,habitare in aedibus alienis,
Dig. 39, 5, 9:habitationem cui dare,
free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11. -
3 gratia
grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].I.(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):B.pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,
Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,
id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:aliquem restituere in gratiam,
id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,
id. Att. 1, 3, 3:in gratiam reducere,
id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:alicujus gratiam sequi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,
id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:ab aliquo inire gratiam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,
id. Att. 7, 9, 3:magnam inire gratiam,
id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,
Liv. 33, 46, 7:apud regem gratiam initam volebant,
id. 36, 5, 3:at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!
Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),
Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,
id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,
Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,
with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,
credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:gratiā plurimum posse,
id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,
id. ib. 7, 63, 1:gratiā valere,
id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,
Juv. 13, 4:quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,
Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,
tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,
id. ib. 11, 24:non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;2.esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,
Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:corporis,
id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,
Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,
charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),
Quint. 10, 1, 96:sermonis Attici,
id. ib. 65;12, 10, 35: dicendi,
id. 9, 3, 74:brevitatis novitatisque,
id. ib. 58:omnis bene scriptorum,
id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,
Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.II. A.In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):B.ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,
id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:hanc gratiam ut sibi des,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,
excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:alicui delicti gratiam facere,
to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,
id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,
id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,
to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,
id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:in gratiam alicujus,
id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,
for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,
Juv. 8, 64.—In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):A.quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,
Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,
id. ib. 2, 53, 161:immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,
id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,
Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,
id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,
id. Fam. 1, 10:justissimas gratias agere,
id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,
id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,
to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,
id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,
id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,
id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,
if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:gratias habere,
Liv. 24, 37, 7:alicui summas gratias habere,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,
Vitr. 6 praef. 4:merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,
Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,
id. Planc. 33, 80:pro beneficio gratiam repetere,
Liv. 1, 47, 7:gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,
Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,
Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,
Sen. Ep. 81 med.;rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),
to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,
I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,
thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).(α).With gen.:(β).sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,
lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:honoris gratia nomino,
Cic. Quint. 7, 28:nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,
Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,
Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:hereditatis gratia,
id. 5, 12, 5:quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,
Sall. C. 23, 1:profectus gratia dicere,
Quint. 2, 10, 9:brevitatis gratia,
id. 4, 2, 43:decoris gratia,
id. 8, 6, 65:difficultatis gratia,
id. 9, 2, 77:aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,
id. 9, 2, 8:praesentis gratia litis,
id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:tentandi gratia,
Sall. J. 47, 2:hiemandi gratia,
id. ib. 61, 3:colloquendi gratia,
id. ib. 61, 4:placandi gratia,
id. ib. 71, 5:simulandi gratia,
id. ib. 37, 4:sui exposcendi gratia,
Nep. Hann. 7, 6:amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,
Quint. 9, 3, 28:elevandae invidiae gratia,
id. 5, 13, 40:recuperandae dignitatis gratia,
id. 11, 1, 79:vitandae similitudinis gratia,
id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,exempli gratia,
Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,
Quint. 6, 5, 6:eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,
Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,
for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:gratiā decoris,
Quint. 8 praef. §18: compositionis,
id. 9, 4, 58:lenitatis,
id. 9, 4, 144:significationis,
id. 8, 6, 2.—With pron. (mostly ante-class.):B.meā gratiā,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:abire istac gratia,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,eā gratiā,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,
Sall. J. 54, 4:id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 80, 4.—grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,
id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,
into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,
Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,
id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),
Mart. 14, 175, 2:id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:gratis rei publicae servire,
id. Clu. 26, 71:tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,
Mart. 5, 16, 10:virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,
Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,
Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §48: habitent gratis in alieno?
id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,habitare in aedibus alienis,
Dig. 39, 5, 9:habitationem cui dare,
free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11. -
4 gratia
grātia, ae, f. (gratus), die Annehmlichkeit, Wohlgefälligkeit, I) subjektiv: A) eig. = das angenehme, wohlgefällige Wesen, das Wohlgefällige, in vultu, Quint.: verborum, Quint.: gratia non deest verbis, Lieblichkeit, Prop.: in bildenden Künsten (Malerei usw.), das Gefällige, Quint.: von einer Örtlichkeit, villae, die Reize, Plin. ep.: v. Wein, vinis gratiam affert fumus, Plin.: v. Pers., der Liebling, ut unus quolibet in casu gratia nostra fores, Ov. ex Pont. 2, 3, 82. – dah. personif.: Grātiae ( wie Χάριτες), die Grazien, Huldgöttinnen, Töchter des Zeus u. der Eurynome, gew. drei: Euphrosyne (festliche Freude), Aglaia (festlicher Glanz), Thalia (blühendes Glück), die die Anmut des durch Sitte u. Schönheitssinn geregelten, durch Schmuck und Freude gehobenen Beisammenseins versinnbildlichten, Hor. carm. 1, 4, 6; 3, 21, 22. Quint. 10, 1, 82: nach späterer Deutung auch Sinnbilder der Dankbarkeit, Wohltätigkeit, Sen. de ben. 1, 3, 2 sq.
B) übtr.: 1) die Gunst, die man erweist, Gefälligkeit, Willfahrung, der angenehme Dienst, die Gunstbezeigung, der Gefallen, die Gnade, a) übh.: nullam esse gratiam, quam non capere animus meus posset, Cic.: petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, Cic.: alci gratiam dare, Ter., od. facere, Plaut., jmdm. willfahren: gratiam dicendi facere, zu reden gestatten, Liv.: u. so gratiam facere reddendi equi, Suet. – dah. α) in gratiam alcis, jmdm. zu Gefallen, zugunsten, wegen, Liv.: in gratiam iudicii, weil das Volk ihn losgesprochen, Liv. – β) Abl. gratiā wegen (eig. aus Gunst, Gefälligkeit), hominum gratiā, Cic.: eā gratiā, deswegen, Ter.: huius accusandi gratiā, Nep.: ineundae fugae gratiā, Val. Max.: laxandi levandique animi gratiā, Gell.: cibi aut potionis gratiā, Liv.: honoris gratiā (s. honor), Cic.: exempli gratiā, zum Beispiel, Cic. u.a. (vgl. exemplum no, III); vollst. pauca tamen exempli gratiā ponam, Quint.: verbi gratiā propter voluptatem, Cic.: dem Genet. vorangestellt, gratiā patris, Lamprid. Heliog. 31, 3. – b) insbes., das Erlassen einer Sache aus Gefälligkeit, die Nachsicht bei usw., iurisiurandi, ICt.: criminum, Suet.: omnium tibi gratiam facio, Liv.: delicti gratiam facere, Nachsicht schenken, nachsehen, Sall.: de cena facio gratiam, bedanke mich, kann nicht kommen, Plaut. – 2) die Erkenntlichkeit, der Dank, gratiam ferre alcis rei, den Dank für etw. davontragen, Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 26, 4): ab utrisque parem gratiam trahere, Iustin.: gratiam persolvere dis, Cic.: gratias dicere, Apul. (ut pro eo honore vobis multas gratias dicerem, Apul. flor. 16 = 22, 15 Kr.): gratias agere, Dank abstatten, sagen, Cic.: agere gratias magnas od. ingentes, Ter., od. mirificas, Cic.: tibi gratias ago atque habebo summas, Plaut.: agere Romanis gratias, Eutr.: tantae erga me benevolentiae tuae tamque sincerae gratias ago debeoque plurimas, Augustin.: furtive agere gratias et in angulo et ad aurem, Sen.: in quo ei Pompeius gratias egerat, Cic. ep.: etiam in malis gratias agere, Lact.: alci gratias agere de matre, Cic.: senatui pro alqo gratias agere, Cic.: alci pro suo summo beneficio gratias agere, Cic.: agere ei maximas gratias pro beneficiis in matrem, coniugem liberosque impensis, Curt.: timerem ne arrogans esset ob ea laudare, ob quae gratias agerem, Plin. ep. 9, 31, 2: gratias se inter cetera etiam ob hoc agere, quod (weil) etc., Liv. 34, 50, 4 (u. so m. ob u. Akk. auch Treb. Poll. trig. tyr. 10, 9. Apul. flor. 16 in.): agere gratias incipit, quod (daß er) perfidi hominis insidias prudenter cauteque vitasset, Curt.: ago confusioni meae gratias, quod nihil in illo cubiculo vidi praeter matrem et patrem, Sen. rhet.: gratiarum actio, Danksagung, Cic.: ellipt., tamen, genio illius gratias (Dank dem G. jenes!), enatavi, Petron. 57, 10. – gratiam habere alci, Dank wissen, Cic.: u. so gratiam habere magnam od. maximam, Cic. u. Ter.: gratiam habere m. folg. quod (daß usw.), Cic., od. qui u. Konj. (daß er), Cic.: auch gratias habere (von zweien u. mehreren), Liv. 24, 37, 7: u. alci summas gratias habere (v. einem), Plaut. trin. 659: verb. (v. einem) alci maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod (daß) etc., Vitr. 6. praef. 4: alci laudes gratiasque habere magnas, Plaut. asin. 545: gratiam referre, den Dank abtragen, in der Tat danken, Cic.; u. ironisch, vergelten, es einem wieder entgelten lassen (= sich rächen), Ter. n. Cic.: gratiam referre pro meritis, pro beneficiis, Caes.: gratiam referre bonam od. praeclaram, Cic.: od. meritam debitamque, Cic., od. iustam ac debitam, Cic.: gratiam referre parem, Gleiches mit Gleichem vergelten, Cic.: auch gratias referre, Cic. Planc. 101; Phil. 3, 39: ago tibi gratias, imperator auguste; si possem, etiam referrem, Auson. grat. act. 1. § 1: gratiam rependĕre, Ov., od. reddere, Sall.: v. Lebl., referre gratiam, v. Acker, wenn er Früchte trägt, Col.; u. gratiam reddere, v. Weinstocke, Col. – nullum est neque sincerius neque acceptius genus gratiarum, quam quod etc., Plin. pan. – dah. a) gratia est, ich danke, Ter.: gratia est (sc. tibi), ich bedanke mich = ich muß es abschlagen, Plaut.: dis gratia, cum ita ut volo est, ich danke Gott, wenn usw., Ter.: dis gratia u. gratia dis (verst. est), Gott sei Dank! Ter. u. Ov.: gratia magna Iovi, Tibull. – b) Abl. Plur. grātiīs u. zsgzg. grātis, ohne Entgelt (Vergeltung), ohne Bezahlung, umsonst (Ggstz. pretio, mercede), quae (psaltria) quantum potest aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis, Ter.: gratiis exaedificari atque effici navem, Cic.: tibi gratiis stare navem, nichts koste, Cic.: gratis habitare, Cic.: cave, ne tibi gratis hic constet amor, Ov.: reges Parthos non potest quisquam salutare sine munere; tibi valedicere non licet gratis, Sen. – / Bei den szenischen Dichtern (z.B. Plaut. asin. 194; Epid. 474 G. Ter. adelph. 744. Pompon. com. 110) überall nach den besten Hdschrn. gratiis; Cic. Verr. Halm gratiis, C. F. W. Müller gratis.
II) objektiv, A) eig. = die Gunst, die man bei andern genießt, das Beliebtsein, der Kredit ( während favor die »Beifallsbezeigung«, die »Gunst« die man andern erweist, insbes. die Volksgunst, Begünstigung), gratiam alcis sibi conciliare, Cic.: gratiam (magnam, summam) inire, Cic., ab alqo, Cic., od. apud alqm od. ad alqm, Liv., od. alcis, Curt., bei jmd. sich in Gunst setzen, Gunst erwerben, sich beliebt machen: ut aliquam mihi bonam gratiam quaesisse videar, Cic.: summam ab alqo gratiam inire, Caes.: ab alqo gratiam inisse, quod (weil, daß) etc., Cic.: quia plures ineuntur gratiae, Gunst bei mehreren, Cic.: in gratia esse, in Gunst stehen, beliebt sein, Cic.: L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit, Cic. – Ggstz., quod apud alios gratiam, apud alios offensionem habet, Plin. 19, 9.
B) übtr.: 1) das gute Vernehmen (Verhältnis), in dem man mit jmd. steht, das gute Einverständnis, das freundschaftliche Verhältnis, die Freundschaft, in gratiam redire cum alqo, sich mit jmd. wieder aussöhnen, Cic. (dah. reditus in gratiam, Aussöhnung, Cic.): ebenso in gratiam reverti cum alqo, Liv. u. Petron., cum fato, Sen.: alqm apud alqm ponere in gratia u. in gratia maxima, in Gunst, in große Gunst setzen, Cic.: esse in gratia cum alqo, Cic.: dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore, Ter.: in gratiam reducere od. restituere od. redigere, versöhnen, Ter.: porrigere mutuas in gratiam manus, Sen. rhet.: so auch componere gratiam inter eas, Ter.: per gratiam, in Güte, gutwillig, Plaut.: so auch per bonam gratiam, Plaut. (vgl. Brix Plaut. mil. 979): u. so per gratiam od. cum gratia, in Güte, gutwillig, Ter. u. Liv.; Ggstz. sine gratia, nicht in Güte, nicht gutwillig, Sen. rhet. (vgl. Lorenz Plaut. mil. 971): componere alqd cum bona gratia, in aller Güte, Ter.: u. so cum bona gratia alqm dimittere, Cic.: cum mala gratia, in Haß, Ter.: cum gratia imperatoris, zur Zufriedenheit des F., Liv. 29, 1, 9. – 2) die (durch Gunst, guten Kredit erlangte) Macht, das Ansehen, der Einfluß, Cic. u.a.
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5 gratia
grātia, ae, f. (gratus), die Annehmlichkeit, Wohlgefälligkeit, I) subjektiv: A) eig. = das angenehme, wohlgefällige Wesen, das Wohlgefällige, in vultu, Quint.: verborum, Quint.: gratia non deest verbis, Lieblichkeit, Prop.: in bildenden Künsten (Malerei usw.), das Gefällige, Quint.: von einer Örtlichkeit, villae, die Reize, Plin. ep.: v. Wein, vinis gratiam affert fumus, Plin.: v. Pers., der Liebling, ut unus quolibet in casu gratia nostra fores, Ov. ex Pont. 2, 3, 82. – dah. personif.: Grātiae ( wie Χάριτες), die Grazien, Huldgöttinnen, Töchter des Zeus u. der Eurynome, gew. drei: Euphrosyne (festliche Freude), Aglaia (festlicher Glanz), Thalia (blühendes Glück), die die Anmut des durch Sitte u. Schönheitssinn geregelten, durch Schmuck und Freude gehobenen Beisammenseins versinnbildlichten, Hor. carm. 1, 4, 6; 3, 21, 22. Quint. 10, 1, 82: nach späterer Deutung auch Sinnbilder der Dankbarkeit, Wohltätigkeit, Sen. de ben. 1, 3, 2 sq.B) übtr.: 1) die Gunst, die man erweist, Gefälligkeit, Willfahrung, der angenehme Dienst, die Gunstbezeigung, der Gefallen, die Gnade, a) übh.: nullam esse gratiam, quam non capere animus meus posset, Cic.: petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, Cic.: alci gratiam dare, Ter., od. facere, Plaut., jmdm. willfahren: gratiam dicendi facere, zu reden gestatten,————Liv.: u. so gratiam facere reddendi equi, Suet. – dah. α) in gratiam alcis, jmdm. zu Gefallen, zugunsten, wegen, Liv.: in gratiam iudicii, weil das Volk ihn losgesprochen, Liv. – β) Abl. gratiā wegen (eig. aus Gunst, Gefälligkeit), hominum gratiā, Cic.: eā gratiā, deswegen, Ter.: huius accusandi gratiā, Nep.: ineundae fugae gratiā, Val. Max.: laxandi levandique animi gratiā, Gell.: cibi aut potionis gratiā, Liv.: honoris gratiā (s. honor), Cic.: exempli gratiā, zum Beispiel, Cic. u.a. (vgl. exemplum no, III); vollst. pauca tamen exempli gratiā ponam, Quint.: verbi gratiā propter voluptatem, Cic.: dem Genet. vorangestellt, gratiā patris, Lamprid. Heliog. 31, 3. – b) insbes., das Erlassen einer Sache aus Gefälligkeit, die Nachsicht bei usw., iurisiurandi, ICt.: criminum, Suet.: omnium tibi gratiam facio, Liv.: delicti gratiam facere, Nachsicht schenken, nachsehen, Sall.: de cena facio gratiam, bedanke mich, kann nicht kommen, Plaut. – 2) die Erkenntlichkeit, der Dank, gratiam ferre alcis rei, den Dank für etw. davontragen, Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 26, 4): ab utrisque parem gratiam trahere, Iustin.: gratiam persolvere dis, Cic.: gratias dicere, Apul. (ut pro eo honore vobis multas gratias dicerem, Apul. flor. 16 = 22, 15 Kr.): gratias agere, Dank abstatten, sagen, Cic.: agere gratias magnas od. ingentes, Ter., od. mirificas, Cic.: tibi gratias ago atque habebo summas, Plaut.: agere Romanis gratias, Eutr.: tantae erga————me benevolentiae tuae tamque sincerae gratias ago debeoque plurimas, Augustin.: furtive agere gratias et in angulo et ad aurem, Sen.: in quo ei Pompeius gratias egerat, Cic. ep.: etiam in malis gratias agere, Lact.: alci gratias agere de matre, Cic.: senatui pro alqo gratias agere, Cic.: alci pro suo summo beneficio gratias agere, Cic.: agere ei maximas gratias pro beneficiis in matrem, coniugem liberosque impensis, Curt.: timerem ne arrogans esset ob ea laudare, ob quae gratias agerem, Plin. ep. 9, 31, 2: gratias se inter cetera etiam ob hoc agere, quod (weil) etc., Liv. 34, 50, 4 (u. so m. ob u. Akk. auch Treb. Poll. trig. tyr. 10, 9. Apul. flor. 16 in.): agere gratias incipit, quod (daß er) perfidi hominis insidias prudenter cauteque vitasset, Curt.: ago confusioni meae gratias, quod nihil in illo cubiculo vidi praeter matrem et patrem, Sen. rhet.: gratiarum actio, Danksagung, Cic.: ellipt., tamen, genio illius gratias (Dank dem G. jenes!), enatavi, Petron. 57, 10. – gratiam habere alci, Dank wissen, Cic.: u. so gratiam habere magnam od. maximam, Cic. u. Ter.: gratiam habere m. folg. quod (daß usw.), Cic., od. qui u. Konj. (daß er), Cic.: auch gratias habere (von zweien u. mehreren), Liv. 24, 37, 7: u. alci summas gratias habere (v. einem), Plaut. trin. 659: verb. (v. einem) alci maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod (daß) etc., Vitr. 6. praef. 4: alci laudes gratiasque habere magnas, Plaut. asin.————545: gratiam referre, den Dank abtragen, in der Tat danken, Cic.; u. ironisch, vergelten, es einem wieder entgelten lassen (= sich rächen), Ter. n. Cic.: gratiam referre pro meritis, pro beneficiis, Caes.: gratiam referre bonam od. praeclaram, Cic.: od. meritam debitamque, Cic., od. iustam ac debitam, Cic.: gratiam referre parem, Gleiches mit Gleichem vergelten, Cic.: auch gratias referre, Cic. Planc. 101; Phil. 3, 39: ago tibi gratias, imperator auguste; si possem, etiam referrem, Auson. grat. act. 1. § 1: gratiam rependĕre, Ov., od. reddere, Sall.: v. Lebl., referre gratiam, v. Acker, wenn er Früchte trägt, Col.; u. gratiam reddere, v. Weinstocke, Col. – nullum est neque sincerius neque acceptius genus gratiarum, quam quod etc., Plin. pan. – dah. a) gratia est, ich danke, Ter.: gratia est (sc. tibi), ich bedanke mich = ich muß es abschlagen, Plaut.: dis gratia, cum ita ut volo est, ich danke Gott, wenn usw., Ter.: dis gratia u. gratia dis (verst. est), Gott sei Dank! Ter. u. Ov.: gratia magna Iovi, Tibull. – b) Abl. Plur. grātiīs u. zsgzg. grātis, ohne Entgelt (Vergeltung), ohne Bezahlung, umsonst (Ggstz. pretio, mercede), quae (psaltria) quantum potest aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis, Ter.: gratiis exaedificari atque effici navem, Cic.: tibi gratiis stare navem, nichts koste, Cic.: gratis habitare, Cic.: cave, ne tibi gratis hic constet amor, Ov.: reges Parthos non potest quisquam salutare sine munere;————tibi valedicere non licet gratis, Sen. – ⇒ Bei den szenischen Dichtern (z.B. Plaut. asin. 194; Epid. 474 G. Ter. adelph. 744. Pompon. com. 110) überall nach den besten Hdschrn. gratiis; Cic. Verr. Halm gratiis, C. F. W. Müller gratis.II) objektiv, A) eig. = die Gunst, die man bei andern genießt, das Beliebtsein, der Kredit ( während favor die »Beifallsbezeigung«, die »Gunst« die man andern erweist, insbes. die Volksgunst, Begünstigung), gratiam alcis sibi conciliare, Cic.: gratiam (magnam, summam) inire, Cic., ab alqo, Cic., od. apud alqm od. ad alqm, Liv., od. alcis, Curt., bei jmd. sich in Gunst setzen, Gunst erwerben, sich beliebt machen: ut aliquam mihi bonam gratiam quaesisse videar, Cic.: summam ab alqo gratiam inire, Caes.: ab alqo gratiam inisse, quod (weil, daß) etc., Cic.: quia plures ineuntur gratiae, Gunst bei mehreren, Cic.: in gratia esse, in Gunst stehen, beliebt sein, Cic.: L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit, Cic. – Ggstz., quod apud alios gratiam, apud alios offensionem habet, Plin. 19, 9.B) übtr.: 1) das gute Vernehmen (Verhältnis), in dem man mit jmd. steht, das gute Einverständnis, das freundschaftliche Verhältnis, die Freundschaft, in gratiam redire cum alqo, sich mit jmd. wieder aussöhnen, Cic. (dah. reditus in gratiam, Aussöh-————nung, Cic.): ebenso in gratiam reverti cum alqo, Liv. u. Petron., cum fato, Sen.: alqm apud alqm ponere in gratia u. in gratia maxima, in Gunst, in große Gunst setzen, Cic.: esse in gratia cum alqo, Cic.: dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore, Ter.: in gratiam reducere od. restituere od. redigere, versöhnen, Ter.: porrigere mutuas in gratiam manus, Sen. rhet.: so auch componere gratiam inter eas, Ter.: per gratiam, in Güte, gutwillig, Plaut.: so auch per bonam gratiam, Plaut. (vgl. Brix Plaut. mil. 979): u. so per gratiam od. cum gratia, in Güte, gutwillig, Ter. u. Liv.; Ggstz. sine gratia, nicht in Güte, nicht gutwillig, Sen. rhet. (vgl. Lorenz Plaut. mil. 971): componere alqd cum bona gratia, in aller Güte, Ter.: u. so cum bona gratia alqm dimittere, Cic.: cum mala gratia, in Haß, Ter.: cum gratia imperatoris, zur Zufriedenheit des F., Liv. 29, 1, 9. – 2) die (durch Gunst, guten Kredit erlangte) Macht, das Ansehen, der Einfluß, Cic. u.a. -
6 grātia
grātia ae, f [gratus], favor, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship, partiality: aeterna inter nos, T.: falsam gratiam inire, curry favor, T.: gratiā florens hominum: Pompei gratiam mihi conciliari putare: cum inimico reditus in gratiam, reconciliation: fides reconciliatae gratiae: si suam gratiam Romani velint, Cs.: a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam: apud regem inita, L.: cum populo R. in gratiā esse: istuc impetro cum gratiā, with a good grace, T.: summa inter suos, Cs.: fratrum geminorum, harmony, H.: male sarta, interrupted friendship, H.: quantum gratiā valent, Cs.: improba, partiality, Iu.: cum gratiā imperatoris, to the satisfaction of, L.: provincia multas bonas gratias attulit, tokens of favor.— Charm, beauty, loveliness: formae, O.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, O.— A favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation: hanc gratiam ut sibi des, T.: petivit in loco gratiae, ut, etc.: Boccho delicti gratiam facit, forgives, S.: pugnaturi in gratiam ducis, to please, L.: data in praeteritam iudici gratiam, for the favor shown him on the trial, L.— Thanks, thankfulness, gratitude, acknowledgment: est dis gratia, cum ita est, I thank, T.: veteris stat gratia facti, V.: illi debetur a me gratia maior, H.: annonae levatae gratiam tulit, received, L.: dis gratia, thank heaven, T.: ac Syro nil gratiae, no thanks to, T.: mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, expressed: ei gratias egimus, thanked him: et non neglexisse habeo gratiam, am grateful, T.: sibi gratias habere, L.: maximas vobis gratias et agere et habere: alqd in gratiam habere, take as a favor, S.: meritam dis inmortalibus gratiam honoribus persolvere, express.—A return, requital, recompense (for a favor): pro eo (beneficio) gratiam repetere, L.: Nec nulla est inaratae gratia terrae, V.: tulisse potius iniuriam, quam retulisse gratiam, requited: praeclaram populo R. refers gratiam: omnibus referendā gratiā satisfacere, by a recompense: referre gratiam aliam non posse, quam, etc., L.: ut pro tantis eorum in rem p. meritis gratiae referantur.—Person., usu. plur, the graces, three goddesses of loveliness, attendants of Venus (Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia), H.— Sing collect.: non illi Gratia lecto, O. —Fig., a cause, reason, ground, occasion, motive, sake.—Only abl., usu. after a gen, in favor, on account, for the sake, for: bestiae hominum gratiā generatae: Nuptiarum gratiā haec sunt facta, T.: negoti gratiā properare, S.: dolorum effugiendorum gratiā: placandi gratiā, S.: exempli gratiā, for instance: verbi gratiā: eā gratiā Simulavi, ut, etc., for that reason, T.: id eā gratiā eveniebat, quod, etc., S.: quā gratiā Te arcessi iussi, ausculta, for what purpose, T.: Excludor, ille recipitur, quā gratiā? why? T.—Of persons, a favorite: ut unus gratia nostra fores, O.* * *porularity/esteem/credit (w/bona); unpopularity (w/mala); partiality/favoritism; favor/goodwill/kindness/friendship; influence; gratitude; thanks (pl.); Graces -
7 gratia
I grātia, ae f. [ gratus ]1) привлекательность, приятность, прелесть (in vultu Q; sermonis Attici Q; villae PJ); изящество (formae O; plenus jucunditatis et gratiae, sc. Horatius Q)2) благосклонность, милостьin gratiā esse C — быть в милости, пользоваться благосклонностьюgratiam alicujus sibi conciliare C — снискать себе чью-л. благосклонностьgratiam inire ab aliquo C, ad и apud aliquem L или alicujus QC — войти в милость к кому-л.sequi gratiam alicujus Cs — стараться приобрести чью-л. благосклонностьin gratiam alicujus L — из любезности к кому-л. или в чью-л. пользуfacere dicendi gratiam alicui L — дать кому-л. возможность высказатьсяgratiam ab aliquo petere Pl — просить у кого-л. милости (одолжения)3) снисхождение, прощениеgratiam alicui facere juris jurandi Pl — освободить кого-л. от клятвыde cenā facio gratiam Pl — за обед благодарю, т. е. от обеда отказываюсь4) влияние, авторитет, вес ( alicujus apud aliquem C)5) дружественная связь, взаимное согласие, дружба (esse in gratiā cum aliquō C; aliquem in gratiam recipere Cs)cum bonā gratiā Ter, C — дружелюбноin gratiam redire cum aliquo Ph, C — помириться с кем-л. или простить кому-л.restituere aliquem in bonam gratiam alicujus (или cum aliquo) Ter etc. — помирить кого-л. с кем-л.gratias agere alicui C — благодарить кого-л., выражать признательность кому-л.habere gratiam alicui C, усил. gratias agere atque habere C, Ap — питать благодарность, быть благодарным, признательнымgratiam referre (persolvere, reddere) C etc. — отблагодарить, воздать за благодеяние, отплатить услугой за услугуgratiast (= g. est) Pl, Ter — благодарю — см. gratis7) милость, благодать (g. gratis data Aug; g. caelestis Eccl)II grātiā praep. cum gen. [ из abl. от gratia I ]ради, для, из-за (hominum g. C)eā gratiā Sl — вследствие этого (того) (редко впереди genetiv'a: g. patris Lampr) -
8 cum [2]
2. cum, Praep. m. Abl. (auf Inschrn. auch cun u. con u. quom, in Hdschrn. auch quom geschr.) = ξύν od. σύν, mit, samt, nebst, nicht ohne (Ggstz. sine), zuw. verb. unā cum, simul cum (s. unā u. simul), zusammen mit, zugleich mit, I) im Raume: a) zur Ang. des Zusammenseins, der Gesellschaft, der Begleitung, semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine ea, Cic. Mil. 55. – u. so esse, vivere, agitare, habitare, cenare, dormire cum alqo, w. s.: ire, abire, redire cum alqo, w. s.: mittere, dimittere, praemittere cum alqo, w. s.: alqm secum habere, secum ducere und ähnliche Verba, wo das Nähere zu finden sein wird. – m. Lebl., cum omnibus suis carris sequi, Caes.: cum impedimentis venire, Caes.: alqm cum litteris dimittere, Sall.: in tabernaculo sellam auream cum sceptro ac diademate iussit poni, Nep.: semper aliquid secum afferunt tuae litterae, Cic.: quidquid vides currit cum tempore, Sen. – u. im Unwillen (s. Fabri Sall. orat. Licin. § 18. p. 436), abi hinc cum donis tuis tam lepidis, Ter.: abi hinc cum tribunatibus et rogationibus tuis, Liv.: abi hinc cum immaturo amore ad sponsum, Liv. – / Auch in Verbindungen wie Liber pater et cum Castore Pollux, Hor., oder negaretis hoc mihi cum dis, Liv., od. dux cum principibus capiuntur, Liv., od. Demosthenes cum ceteris erant expulsi, Nep. ist der Begriff der Begleitung festzuhalten.
So nun bes.: α) bei Ang. der Begleitung eines Befehlshabers od. Untergebenen, eines Wächters od. Schützers, mit = in Begleitung, im Geleite von usw., eā (auf diesem Wege) cum Magone equites Hispanorum praemissos, Liv.: duumviros navales cum classe Pisas ire, Liv.: rex Hellespontum cum exercitu transiit, Liv.: consul iam cum legionibus mare traiecit, Liv.: reliquos cum custodibus in aedem Concordiae venire iubet, mit (unter) Bedeckung, Sall.: in hanc opimam mercedem, agite, cum dis bene iuvantibus arma capite, im Geleite der h. G., Liv.: so auch cum dis volentibus, Cato. – β) bei Ang. des gemeinschaftl. Besitzes mit jmd., unum imperium unumque magistratum habere cum ipsis, Liv.: alia omnia sibi cum collega (esse) ratus, alle anderen Obliegenheiten habe er mit dem K. gemeinschaftlich, Liv. – γ) bei Ang. des gemeinschaftlichen Wirkens mit jmd., mit = in Gemeinschaft mit, in Verbindung mit, im Verein mit, unter Mitwirkung von, verbunden mit, praedas bellicas imperatores cum paucis diripiebant, Sall.: Varro cum iis quas habebat legionibus ulteriorem Hispaniam tueatur, Caes.: in postremo C. Marius cum equitibus curabat, Sall.: Bocchus cum peditibus invadunt, Sall.: bellum gerere cum Aegyptiis ad versus regem, Nep.: cum alqo contra alqm arma ferre, Nep. – ebenso facere, stare cum alqo, w. s. – δ) bei Ang. des Verkehrs, mit = im Verkehre, im Umgange mit, in Verbindung mit, cum alqo se delectare od. se oblectare, Cic.: is quicum (= quocum) familiaritas fuerat, societas erat, Cic. (so auch 1. pāx, foedus cum alqo, s. pax, foedus): nihil cum potentiore iuris humani relinquitur inopi, Liv.: cum patrono Epicureo mihi omnia sunt, Cic.: mihi ante aedilitatem nihil erat cum Cornificio, Cic.: u. (mit Lebl.) quid mihi, inquit, cum ista summa sanctimonia ac diligentia? Cic. – orationem habere cum multitudine, Cic.: agere cum alqo, w. s.: reputare cum animo, secum und dgl., w. s. – und v. feindl. Verkehre, mit, pugnare, dimicare, certare, confligere, contendere cum alqo, w. s.: queri cum alqo, querelae cum alqo, w. s. – ε) bei Ang. der Vereinigung, Verknüpfung, der Übereinstimmung, sowie der Trennung, Abweichung u. dgl., zB. iungere, coniungere, conectere cum alqo u. dgl., w. s. – sentire, consentire, congruere cum alqo u. dgl., w. s. – distractum esse, dissidere, discrepare, dissentire, differre cum alqo u. dgl., w. s.
b) zur Ang. des Versehenseins mit etw., mit, in = versehen, bekleidet, ausgerüstet, ausgestattet, bewaffnet, begabt, behaftet mit usw., α) v. leb. Wesen: cursitare cum Sicyoniis (in siz. Schuhen), Cornif. rhet.: cum pallio purpureo versabatur in conviviis, Cic.: cum tunica pulla sedere solebat et pallio, Cic.: cives Romanos cum mitella saepe vidimus, Cic.: cum purpurea veste processit, Cic.: cum ramis oleae ingressi curiam, Liv.: quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt, Cic.: illum dicis cum armis aureis, mit der g. Rüstung (= der die g. Rüstung trägt, anhat), Plaut.: alqm pingere cum clipeo, Plin.: esse cum libro (ein Buch in der Hand haben), Cic.: esse cum catenis, K. tragen, Plaut.: esse cum telo, eine Waffe bei sich führen (was in Rom verboten war), Cic.: domi Caesaris deprehensum esse cum sica, Cic.: cum gladio cruento comprehensum esse in illo ipso loco, Cic.: in alqm cum ferro invadere, Cic.: cum telis impetum facere in alqm, Cic.: collocari cum gladiis, Cic. – porcus cum capite humano natus, Liv.: agnus biceps cum quinque pedibus natus, Liv.: Auximi nata puella cum dentibus, Liv. – iste adulescens cum hac dis irata fronte, Cic.: cum febri domum redire, Cic.: cum gravi vulnere ferri ex proelio, referri in castra, Liv. – legatos cum auctoritate (Vollmacht) mittere, Cic.: esse cum imperio, unumschränkte Gewalt-, den Oberbefehl haben (dagegen esse in imperio = ein höheres Staatsamt bekleiden), Cic.: ebenso nemine cum imperio aut magistratu tendente quoquam quin deverteret Rhodum, Suet: alqm cum imperio habere apud exercitum, Nep.: privatus sit an cum potestate, Cic. (vgl. Korte Cic. ep. 1, 1, 7. Zumpt Cic. Verr. 3, 74. p. 890). – erat T. Iuventius non indoctus et magna cum iuris civilis intellegentia, Cic.: abire cum gloria poterant, si etc., Curt. – β) v. Lebl.: salinum cum sale, Plaut.: olla cum aqua, Cato: fisci complures cum pecunia Siciliensi, Cic.: scrinium cum litteris, Sall.: duo pocula non magna, verum tamen cum emblemate, Cic.: currus cum falcibus et elephanti cum turribus, Gell. – bei Ang. des Ertrags, ager efficit cum octavo, cum decimo, bringt das achte, zehnte Korn, achtfältig, zehnfältig, Cic.: ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo, Varro: cum centesima fruge agris fenus reddente terrā, Plin. – v. Zuständen, gloria est frequens de aliquo fama cum laude, Cic.: ut viginti annorum militiam cum illa virtute, cum illa fortuna taceam, Liv.
c) bei Ang. des Mittels u. Werkzeugs, mit, zB. ista cum lingua culos lingere, Catull.: extemplo silentio facto cum voce maxima conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. fr.: caede caudam cum tabula aliqua non ponderosa, Veget. mul. – u. so der gramm. t.t., scribi cum littera quadam, zB. terra in augurum libris scripta cum R uno, Varro LL. 5, 21.
II) in der Zeit, a) übh. bei Ang. des Gleichzeitigen, mit, bei, gleichzeitig mit, unmittelbar nach (zuw. auch verb. pariter cum, simul cum; s. die Auslgg. zu Ter. adelph. 5, 3, 55. Korte Sall. Iug. 68, 2 u. Lucan. 5, 678), abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo, Plaut.: cum prima luce Pomponii domum venire, Cic.: cum primo mane Leptim vehi, Auct. b. Afr.: so cum primo lumine solis, Verg.: u. bei den Dichtern oft cum sidere, Catull., cum luce, Ov., cum sole, Verg. – pariter cum ortu solis castra metari, Sall.: pariter cum occasu solis expeditos educere, Sall.: simul cum sole expergisci, Cic.: simul cum occasu solis egredi, Sall. – exiit cum nuntio Crassus, Caes.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit, Liv.: simul cum domo designavit templo Iovis fines, Liv. – Ggstz., ut quaeratur, quid ante rem, quid cum re, quid post rem evenerit, Cic. top. 51.
b) bei Ang. gleichzeitiger Nebenumstände (sowohl äußerer Umstände als Gemütszustände), mit, unter, nicht ohne (Ggstz. sine, s. Suet. Cal. 16, 3 legata ex testamento Iuliae Augustae cum fide ac sine calumnia repraesentata persolvit), alqm cum cruciatu necare, Caes.: risus omnium cum hilaritate coortus est, Nep.: cum clamore in forum curritur, Liv.: cum silentio (in der Stille, lautlos, geräuschlos) audiri, ad alqm convenire, Liv. – obsides summa cum contumelia extorquere, Caes.: magno cum periculo suo (für sie) in eam turbam incĭderunt, Liv.: summa cum celeritate ad exercitum redire, Hirt. b. G.: multis cum lacrimis obsecrare, Caes.: alqd magno cum gemitu civitatis auferre, Cic.: cum gratulatione et ingenti favore populi domum reduci, Liv.: semper magno cum metu incipio dicere, Cic. – so oft in den Verbindungen cum (magna) cura, cum (bona) gratia, cum (bona) pace, cum (bona) venia, s. cūra, grātia, 1. pāx, venia. – zuw. auch bei Ang. von unmittelbar aus einer Handlung hervorgehenden Wirkungen u. Folgen, zu, zur, zum, quo die ad Alliam cum exitio urbis foede pugnatum, Liv.: illo itinere venit Lampsacum cum magna calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis, Cic.: magno cum periculo provinciae futurum, ut etc., Caes.: magna cum offensione civium suorum redire, Nep.: maxima cum offensione patrum abire consulatu, Liv.: summa cum offensione Pompeii domi remanere, Cic. – endlich auch bei Ang. eines gleichzeitig als Bedingung od. Beschränkung eintretenden Nebenumstandes, nur mit, doch nur mit (s. Fabri Sall. Iug. 86, 3), zB. liberalitas si cum mercede (benigna est), conducta est, Cic.: quibus videmus optabiles mortes fuisse cum gloria, Cic.: omnia cum pretio honesta videntur, wenn es nur Geld einträgt, Sall. – so bes. cum eo, quod od. ut od. ne, unter der Bedingung (Beschränkung), daß od. daß nicht usw., dergestalt-, doch so-, außerdem daß od. daß nicht usw. (griech. επὶ τούτῳ, εφ ᾽ᾧτε u. bl. εφ᾽ ᾧτε m. folg. Infin.), sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis, sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat, Cic.: Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, Liv.: obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites id opus geometrarum magis esse quam rusticorum, Col.: cum eo tamen, ne quis, qui valere et sanescere volet, hoc cotidianum habeat, Cels.; vgl. Brolén de eloc. Cels. p. 44. – u. cum eo, quod = außerdem daß, hoc cum eo quod candidos facit dentes, tum etiam confirmat, Scrib. 60: u. cum eo, ut = mit dem Umstande, daß usw., so daß zugleich, Liv. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 35, 3. – / cum wird dem Abl. der Personalpron. immer (s. Cic. or. 154), dem Abl. des Relativpron. häufig angehängt, also mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, vobiscum, quocum (quîcum), quācum, quocum, quibuscum; nicht selten aber auch (bei Livius, Vellejus u. Curtius immer) cum quo, cum qua, cum quibus. Vgl. Greef im Philol. 32, 711 ff. – Spätlat. mit Acc., cum uxorem suam, Rossi inscr. Chr. 144.
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9 cum
1. cum (altl. quom), Coni. (ein alter Acc. gen. neutr. von qui), I) zu Angabe der Zeit, A) im allg.: 1) wenn, als, is qui non defendit iniuriam, cum potest, iniuste facit, Cic.: bes. mit vorausgehendem tum, tunc, nunc, iam, od. einem die Zeit bestimmenden Substant., wie tempus, annus, mensis u.a., fructus ingenii tum maxime capitur, cum in proximum quemque confertur, Cic.: cum primum, sobald als, Cic. – m. Praes. hist. od. aorist. Perf. od. Imperf., auch mit Infin. hist., wenn in der lebhaften Darstellung das Verhältnis der Sätze umgekehrt wird, dies haud multi intercesserant, cum legati venerunt, Liv.: dies nondum decem intercesserant, cum ille necatur, Cic.: caedebatur, cum nullus gemitus audiebatur, Liv.: iam dies consumptus erat, cum tamen barbari nihil remittere atque acrius instare, Sall.: häufig mit repente, subito, interim, interea u.a. verb., cum repente iubetur dicere, Cic. – 2) so oft als, so oft etwa, wenn etwa, cum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, in cubiculum deferebatur, Cic. – mit Coniunctiv, veniebat in theatrum, cum ibi concilium populi haberetur, Nep. – 3) seit, multi anni sunt, cum Fabius in aere meo est, Cic.B) insbes., mit dem Nbbegr. 1) einer relativen Bestimmung, bes. nach Substst. wie tempus, dies u.a., als, wo, fuit quoddam tempus, cum homines vagabantur, Cic.: fuit, cum hoc dici poterat, Liv. – m.————Coniunctiv, wenn der Zeitbegriff nach seiner Beschaffenheit näher erklärt werden soll, fuit tempus, cum rura colerent homines, Varro: fuit, cum arbitrarer, Cic.: saepe audivi, cum diceret, Cic. – 2) eines kausalen Zusammenhangs, wenn, cum imperium abrogabat, poterat videri facere id iniuste, Cic.: tibi maximas gratias ago, cum tantum litterae meae potuerunt, Cic. – 3) eines hypothetischen Zusammenhangs, wenn, nulla est haec amicitia, cum alter verum audire non vult, alter ad mentiendum paratus est, Cic.: in hominem dicendum est, cum oratio argumentationem non habet, Cic.: praeclare facis, cum puerum diligis, Cic.: dah. auch in konzessivem Zusammenhange, wenn, wenn auch, pauci potentes cum tabulas... emunt, tamen divitias vincere nequeunt, Sall. – Bes. in der Verbindung cum... tum, die zwei Sätze aneinander reiht. Steht in beiden Sätzen nur ein Verbum, so ist der Indicat. regelmäßig; hat jeder einzelne aber sein eigenes Verbum, so findet sich in dem mit cum eingeleiteten gewöhnlich der Coniunctiv. Im ersten Falle übersetzen wir cum... tum durch sowohl... als auch, nicht nur... sondern auch, im zweiten Falle durch wenn auch... so doch, sowohl... als auch ganz besonders, te cum semper valere cupio, tum certe, dum hic sumus, Cic.: cum plurimas commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa praestat omnibus, Cic.: das zweite Glied auch noch durch etiam,————vero, maxime, praecipue, imprimis u.a. verstärkt, Cic.: auch können sowohl die mit cum gebildeten Sätze (Cic. ep. 6, 4, 1) als auch die mit tum gebildeten (Cic. ep. 9, 13, 2) gehäuft werden; bisweilen wird das zweite Glied auch durch simul angereiht, Liv. 3, 50, 10. – dah. steht cum maxime ellipt., gerade, besonders, vorzüglich, auch noch, cum maxime volo, Ter.: nunc cum maxime, Cic.: hanc amabat, ut cum maxime, Ter.: paret cum maxime mortuo, er gehorcht ihm auch noch, wenn er tot ist, Cic.: quae fiunt cum maxime, was häufig noch geschieht, Cic.II) zur Angabe der Ursache, mit Coniunctiv, A) im allg., da, cum valetudo et vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare, Cic.: cum in communibus suggestis consistere non auderet, contionari ex turri alta solebat, Cic.: cum interemisset Clitum, vix a se manus continuit, Cic.: dah. quippe cum, utpote cum, zum Ausdruck einer subjektiven Ansicht des Redenden, Cic.B) insbes., mit dem Nbbgr. 1) des zeitlichen Zusammenhangs, bes. in der Erzählung, wo im Nebensatz das Imperf. od. Plusquamperf. steht, als, da, Zenonem, cum Athenis essem, audiebam frequenter, Cic.: Antigonus cum pugnaret, occisus est, Nep.: Epaminondas cum vicisset Lacedaemonios, quaesivit, Cic. – 2) eines konzessiven Zusammenhangs, da doch, obgleich, Druentiae flumen, cum aquae vim————vehat ingentem, non tamen navium patiens est, Liv.: cum rho dicere nequiret, exercitatione fecisse, ut etc., Cic.: Socratis ingenium immortalitati Plato scriptis suis tradidit, cum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset, Cic. – ⇒ Im Plaut. schreibt man quom, in allen übrigen Schriftstellern cum, bisweilen quum; vgl. Georges Lexik. d. lat. Wortf. S. 183.————————2. cum, Praep. m. Abl. (auf Inschrn. auch cun u. con u. quom, in Hdschrn. auch quom geschr.) = ξύν od. σύν, mit, samt, nebst, nicht ohne (Ggstz. sine), zuw. verb. unā cum, simul cum (s. unā u. simul), zusammen mit, zugleich mit, I) im Raume: a) zur Ang. des Zusammenseins, der Gesellschaft, der Begleitung, semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine ea, Cic. Mil. 55. – u. so esse, vivere, agitare, habitare, cenare, dormire cum alqo, w. s.: ire, abire, redire cum alqo, w. s.: mittere, dimittere, praemittere cum alqo, w. s.: alqm secum habere, secum ducere und ähnliche Verba, wo das Nähere zu finden sein wird. – m. Lebl., cum omnibus suis carris sequi, Caes.: cum impedimentis venire, Caes.: alqm cum litteris dimittere, Sall.: in tabernaculo sellam auream cum sceptro ac diademate iussit poni, Nep.: semper aliquid secum afferunt tuae litterae, Cic.: quidquid vides currit cum tempore, Sen. – u. im Unwillen (s. Fabri Sall. orat. Licin. § 18. p. 436), abi hinc cum donis tuis tam lepidis, Ter.: abi hinc cum tribunatibus et rogationibus tuis, Liv.: abi hinc cum immaturo amore ad sponsum, Liv. – ⇒ Auch in Verbindungen wie Liber pater et cum Castore Pollux, Hor., oder negaretis hoc mihi cum dis, Liv., od. dux cum principibus capiuntur, Liv., od. Demosthenes cum ceteris erant expulsi, Nep. ist der Begriff der Begleitung festzuhalten.————So nun bes.: α) bei Ang. der Begleitung eines Befehlshabers od. Untergebenen, eines Wächters od. Schützers, mit = in Begleitung, im Geleite von usw., eā (auf diesem Wege) cum Magone equites Hispanorum praemissos, Liv.: duumviros navales cum classe Pisas ire, Liv.: rex Hellespontum cum exercitu transiit, Liv.: consul iam cum legionibus mare traiecit, Liv.: reliquos cum custodibus in aedem Concordiae venire iubet, mit (unter) Bedeckung, Sall.: in hanc opimam mercedem, agite, cum dis bene iuvantibus arma capite, im Geleite der h. G., Liv.: so auch cum dis volentibus, Cato. – β) bei Ang. des gemeinschaftl. Besitzes mit jmd., unum imperium unumque magistratum habere cum ipsis, Liv.: alia omnia sibi cum collega (esse) ratus, alle anderen Obliegenheiten habe er mit dem K. gemeinschaftlich, Liv. – γ) bei Ang. des gemeinschaftlichen Wirkens mit jmd., mit = in Gemeinschaft mit, in Verbindung mit, im Verein mit, unter Mitwirkung von, verbunden mit, praedas bellicas imperatores cum paucis diripiebant, Sall.: Varro cum iis quas habebat legionibus ulteriorem Hispaniam tueatur, Caes.: in postremo C. Marius cum equitibus curabat, Sall.: Bocchus cum peditibus invadunt, Sall.: bellum gerere cum Aegyptiis ad versus regem, Nep.: cum alqo contra alqm arma ferre, Nep. – ebenso facere, stare cum alqo, w. s. – δ) bei Ang. des Verkehrs, mit = im Verkehre, im Umgange————mit, in Verbindung mit, cum alqo se delectare od. se oblectare, Cic.: is quicum (= quocum) familiaritas fuerat, societas erat, Cic. (so auch pax, foedus cum alqo, s. pax, foedus): nihil cum potentiore iuris humani relinquitur inopi, Liv.: cum patrono Epicureo mihi omnia sunt, Cic.: mihi ante aedilitatem nihil erat cum Cornificio, Cic.: u. (mit Lebl.) quid mihi, inquit, cum ista summa sanctimonia ac diligentia? Cic. – orationem habere cum multitudine, Cic.: agere cum alqo, w. s.: reputare cum animo, secum und dgl., w. s. – und v. feindl. Verkehre, mit, pugnare, dimicare, certare, confligere, contendere cum alqo, w. s.: queri cum alqo, querelae cum alqo, w. s. – ε) bei Ang. der Vereinigung, Verknüpfung, der Übereinstimmung, sowie der Trennung, Abweichung u. dgl., zB. iungere, coniungere, conectere cum alqo u. dgl., w. s. – sentire, consentire, congruere cum alqo u. dgl., w. s. – distractum esse, dissidere, discrepare, dissentire, differre cum alqo u. dgl., w. s.b) zur Ang. des Versehenseins mit etw., mit, in = versehen, bekleidet, ausgerüstet, ausgestattet, bewaffnet, begabt, behaftet mit usw., α) v. leb. Wesen: cursitare cum Sicyoniis (in siz. Schuhen), Cornif. rhet.: cum pallio purpureo versabatur in conviviis, Cic.: cum tunica pulla sedere solebat et pallio, Cic.: cives Romanos cum mitella saepe vidimus, Cic.: cum purpurea veste processit, Cic.: cum ramis oleae in-————gressi curiam, Liv.: quaestores cum fascibus mihi praesto fuerunt, Cic.: illum dicis cum armis aureis, mit der g. Rüstung (= der die g. Rüstung trägt, anhat), Plaut.: alqm pingere cum clipeo, Plin.: esse cum libro (ein Buch in der Hand haben), Cic.: esse cum catenis, K. tragen, Plaut.: esse cum telo, eine Waffe bei sich führen (was in Rom verboten war), Cic.: domi Caesaris deprehensum esse cum sica, Cic.: cum gladio cruento comprehensum esse in illo ipso loco, Cic.: in alqm cum ferro invadere, Cic.: cum telis impetum facere in alqm, Cic.: collocari cum gladiis, Cic. – porcus cum capite humano natus, Liv.: agnus biceps cum quinque pedibus natus, Liv.: Auximi nata puella cum dentibus, Liv. – iste adulescens cum hac dis irata fronte, Cic.: cum febri domum redire, Cic.: cum gravi vulnere ferri ex proelio, referri in castra, Liv. – legatos cum auctoritate (Vollmacht) mittere, Cic.: esse cum imperio, unumschränkte Gewalt-, den Oberbefehl haben (dagegen esse in imperio = ein höheres Staatsamt bekleiden), Cic.: ebenso nemine cum imperio aut magistratu tendente quoquam quin deverteret Rhodum, Suet: alqm cum imperio habere apud exercitum, Nep.: privatus sit an cum potestate, Cic. (vgl. Korte Cic. ep. 1, 1, 7. Zumpt Cic. Verr. 3, 74. p. 890). – erat T. Iuventius non indoctus et magna cum iuris civilis intellegentia, Cic.: abire cum gloria poterant, si etc., Curt. – β) v. Lebl.: salinum cum sale,————Plaut.: olla cum aqua, Cato: fisci complures cum pecunia Siciliensi, Cic.: scrinium cum litteris, Sall.: duo pocula non magna, verum tamen cum emblemate, Cic.: currus cum falcibus et elephanti cum turribus, Gell. – bei Ang. des Ertrags, ager efficit cum octavo, cum decimo, bringt das achte, zehnte Korn, achtfältig, zehnfältig, Cic.: ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo, Varro: cum centesima fruge agris fenus reddente terrā, Plin. – v. Zuständen, gloria est frequens de aliquo fama cum laude, Cic.: ut viginti annorum militiam cum illa virtute, cum illa fortuna taceam, Liv.c) bei Ang. des Mittels u. Werkzeugs, mit, zB. ista cum lingua culos lingere, Catull.: extemplo silentio facto cum voce maxima conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. fr.: caede caudam cum tabula aliqua non ponderosa, Veget. mul. – u. so der gramm. t.t., scribi cum littera quadam, zB. terra in augurum libris scripta cum R uno, Varro LL. 5, 21.II) in der Zeit, a) übh. bei Ang. des Gleichzeitigen, mit, bei, gleichzeitig mit, unmittelbar nach (zuw. auch verb. pariter cum, simul cum; s. die Auslgg. zu Ter. adelph. 5, 3, 55. Korte Sall. Iug. 68, 2 u. Lucan. 5, 678), abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo, Plaut.: cum prima luce Pomponii domum venire, Cic.: cum primo mane Leptim vehi, Auct. b. Afr.: so cum primo lumine solis, Verg.: u. bei den Dichtern oft cum side-————re, Catull., cum luce, Ov., cum sole, Verg. – pariter cum ortu solis castra metari, Sall.: pariter cum occasu solis expeditos educere, Sall.: simul cum sole expergisci, Cic.: simul cum occasu solis egredi, Sall. – exiit cum nuntio Crassus, Caes.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit, Liv.: simul cum domo designavit templo Iovis fines, Liv. – Ggstz., ut quaeratur, quid ante rem, quid cum re, quid post rem evenerit, Cic. top. 51.b) bei Ang. gleichzeitiger Nebenumstände (sowohl äußerer Umstände als Gemütszustände), mit, unter, nicht ohne (Ggstz. sine, s. Suet. Cal. 16, 3 legata ex testamento Iuliae Augustae cum fide ac sine calumnia repraesentata persolvit), alqm cum cruciatu necare, Caes.: risus omnium cum hilaritate coortus est, Nep.: cum clamore in forum curritur, Liv.: cum silentio (in der Stille, lautlos, geräuschlos) audiri, ad alqm convenire, Liv. – obsides summa cum contumelia extorquere, Caes.: magno cum periculo suo (für sie) in eam turbam incĭderunt, Liv.: summa cum celeritate ad exercitum redire, Hirt. b. G.: multis cum lacrimis obsecrare, Caes.: alqd magno cum gemitu civitatis auferre, Cic.: cum gratulatione et ingenti favore populi domum reduci, Liv.: semper magno cum metu incipio dicere, Cic. – so oft in den Verbindungen cum (magna) cura, cum (bona) gratia, cum (bona) pace, cum (bona) venia, s. cura, gratia, pax, venia. – zuw.————auch bei Ang. von unmittelbar aus einer Handlung hervorgehenden Wirkungen u. Folgen, zu, zur, zum, quo die ad Alliam cum exitio urbis foede pugnatum, Liv.: illo itinere venit Lampsacum cum magna calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis, Cic.: magno cum periculo provinciae futurum, ut etc., Caes.: magna cum offensione civium suorum redire, Nep.: maxima cum offensione patrum abire consulatu, Liv.: summa cum offensione Pompeii domi remanere, Cic. – endlich auch bei Ang. eines gleichzeitig als Bedingung od. Beschränkung eintretenden Nebenumstandes, nur mit, doch nur mit (s. Fabri Sall. Iug. 86, 3), zB. liberalitas si cum mercede (benigna est), conducta est, Cic.: quibus videmus optabiles mortes fuisse cum gloria, Cic.: omnia cum pretio honesta videntur, wenn es nur Geld einträgt, Sall. – so bes. cum eo, quod od. ut od. ne, unter der Bedingung (Beschränkung), daß od. daß nicht usw., dergestalt-, doch so-, außerdem daß od. daß nicht usw. (griech. επὶ τούτῳ, εφ ᾽ᾧτε u. bl. εφ᾽ ᾧτε m. folg. Infin.), sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis, sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat, Cic.: Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, Liv.: obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites id opus geometrarum magis esse quam rusticorum, Col.: cum eo tamen, ne quis, qui valere et sanescere volet, hoc cotidianum habeat, Cels.; vgl. Brolén de eloc. Cels. p.————44. – u. cum eo, quod = außerdem daß, hoc cum eo quod candidos facit dentes, tum etiam confirmat, Scrib. 60: u. cum eo, ut = mit dem Umstande, daß usw., so daß zugleich, Liv. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 35, 3. – ⇒ cum wird dem Abl. der Personalpron. immer (s. Cic. or. 154), dem Abl. des Relativpron. häufig angehängt, also mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, vobiscum, quocum (quîcum), quācum, quocum, quibuscum; nicht selten aber auch (bei Livius, Vellejus u. Curtius immer) cum quo, cum qua, cum quibus. Vgl. Greef im Philol. 32, 711 ff. – Spätlat. mit Acc., cum uxorem suam, Rossi inscr. Chr. 144. -
10 Cum
1.cum (archaic form COM, found in an inscr., COM PREIVATVD; in MSS. sometimes quom or quum), prep. with abl. [for skom, Sanscr. root sak, together; cf. sequor, and Gr. koinos, sun], designates in gen. accompaniment, community, connection of one object with another (opp. sine, separatim, etc.), with, together, together with, in connection or company with, along with; sometimes also to be translated and.I.In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 95:b.qui cum Amphitruone abiit hinc in exercitum,
id. ib. prol. 125:cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā,
id. Mil. 21, 55:quibuscum essem libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; cf.:cum quibus in ceteris intellegis afuisse,
id. Sull. 3, 7:si cenas hodie mecum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 70:vagamur egentes cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:errare malo cum Platone, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 39:qui unum imperium unumque magistratum cum ipsis habeant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3 et saep.—In an expression of displeasure:B.in' hinc, quo dignus, cum donis tuis Tam lepidis,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 9; cf. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 33; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 73; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 7 al.—In a designation of time with which some action concurs:C.egone abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 121; so,cum primo luci,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 58:cras cum filio cum primo luci ibo hinc,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf.:cum primā luce,
id. Att. 4, 3, 4; and:cum primo lumine solis,
Verg. A. 7, 130: cum primo mane, Auct. B. Afr. 62: cum mane, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P:pariter cum ortu solis,
Sall. J. 106, 5:pariter cum occasu solis,
id. ib. 68, 2; cf.:cum sole reliquit,
Verg. A. 3, 568 et saep.:mane cum luci simul,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 31; v. simul: exiit cum nuntio (i. e. at the same time with, etc.), Caes. B. G. 5, 46; cf.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit ( = hama toisde), Liv. 1, 32, 10:simul cum dono designavit templo Jovis fines,
id. 1, 10, 5; cf.:et vixisse cum re publicā pariter, et cum illā simul extinctus esse videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10.—In designating the relations, circumstances, way, and manner with which any act is connected, by which it is accompanied, under or in which it takes place, etc., with, in, under, in the midst of, among, to, at: aliquid cum malo suo facere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 4; cf.:b.cum magnā calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:cum summā rei publicae salute et cum tuā peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:cum magno provinciae periculo,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:cum summo probro,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 10: cum summo terrore hominum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 6:cum summā tuā dignitate,
Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:cum bonā alite,
Cat. 61, 19:ferendum hoc onus est cum labore,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:multis cum lacrimis aliquem obsecrare,
amid many tears, Caes. B. G. 1, 20; cf.:hunc ipsum abstulit magno cum gemitu civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49:orare cum lacrimis coepere,
Liv. 5, 30, 5:si minus cum curā aut cautelā locus loquendi lectus est,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 6 Ritschl; so,cum curā,
Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 70; Sall. J. 54, 1; Liv. 22, 42, 5 et saep.; cf.:cum summo studio,
Sall. C. 51, 38:cum quanto studio periculoque,
Liv. 8, 25, 12 al.:cum multā venustate et omni sale,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9:summā cum celeritate ad exercitum rediit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 52:maximo cum clamore involant,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89:cum clamore,
Liv. 2, 23, 8; 5, 45, 2:cum clamore ac tumultu,
id. 9, 31, 8; cf.:Athenienses cum silentio auditi sunt,
id. 38, 10, 4; 7, 35, 1:illud cum pace agemus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83:cum bonā pace,
Liv. 1, 24, 3; 21, 24, 5:cum bonā gratiā,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:cum bonā veniā,
Liv. 29, 1, 7; cf.:cum veniā,
Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 104; Quint. 10, 1, 72:cum virtute vivere,
Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 34:cum judicio,
Quint. 10, 1, 8:cum firmā memoriā,
id. 5, 10, 54:legata cum fide ac sine calumniā persolvere,
Suet. Calig. 16:spolia in aede... cum sollemni dedicatione dono fixit,
Liv. 4, 20, 3.—Attributively, with subst.:2.et huic proelium cum Tuscis ad Janiculum erat crimini,
Liv. 2, 52, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:frumenti cum summā caritate inopia erat,
id. 2, 12, 1; 2, 5, 2; 7, 29, 3.—Cum eo quod, ut, or ne (in an amplification or limitation), with the circumstance or in the regard that, on or under the condition, with the exception, that, etc. (except once in Cic. epistt. not ante-Aug.).(α).Cum eo quod, with indic., Quint. 12, 10, 47 Spald.; 10, 7, 13; so,(β).cum eo quidem, quod, etc.,
id. 2, 4, 30. —With subj.:sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis: sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 7.—With ut:(γ).Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, si et ipsi adscribi coloni vellent,
Liv. 8, 14, 8; so id. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 5, 3; Cels. 3, 22.—So with tamen:cum eo tamen, ut nullo tempore is... non sit sustinendus,
Cels. 3, 5 fin.; 4, 6 fin. —With ne:3.obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites, etc.,
Col. 5, 1, 4:cum eo, ne amplius quam has urant,
Cels. 7, 22; and with tamen:cum eo tamen, ne, etc.,
id. 2, 17.—Cum dis volentibus, etc., with God's help, by the will of the gods, sun theôi:4.cum divis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi, Mani, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141, 1: volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38:agite, cum dis bene juvantibus arma capite,
Liv. 21, 43, 7; so,cum superis,
Claud. Cons. Stil. III. p. 174.—Cum with an ordinal number (cum octavo, cum decimo, etc.) for our - fold, in economical lang., of the multiplication of cultivated products:D.ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo,
ten-, fifteenfold, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1; so,cum octavo, cum decimo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:cum centesimo,
Plin. 18, 10, 21, § 95; cf. with a subst.:cum centesimā fruge agricolis faenus reddente terrā,
id. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—With a means or instrument, considered as attending or accompanying the actor in his action (so most freq. anteclass., or in the poets and scientific writers): acribus inter se cum armis confligere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 6: effundit voces proprio cum pectore, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 424: cum voce maximā conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 10:II.cum linguā lingere,
Cat. 98, 3:cum suo gurgite accepit venientem (fluvius),
Verg. A. 9, 816:cum vino et oleo ungere,
Veg. 1, 11, 8 et saep.:terra in Augurum libris scripta cum R uno,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.In partic.A.Completing the meaning of verbs.1.With verbs of union, connection, and agreement: cum veteribus copiis se conjungere, Caes. B. G. 1, 37:2.ut proprie cohaereat cum narratione,
Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11:(haec) arbitror mihi constare cum ceteris scriptoribus,
id. 1, 9, 16:interfectam esse... convenit mihi cum adversariis,
id. 1, 10, 17; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 31:quī autem poterat in gratiam redire cum Oppianico Cluentius?
id. Clu. 31, 86:hanc sententiam cum virtute congruere semper,
id. Off. 3, 3, 13:foedera quibus etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,
id. ib. 3, 31, 111:capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
id. 3, 58, 4:stabat cum eo senatūs majestas,
id. 8, 34, 1:conjurasse cum Pausaniā,
Curt. 7, 1, 6:Autronium secum facere,
Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf. also conecto, colligo, consentio, compono, etc.—Of companionship, association, sharing, etc.:3.cum his me oblecto, qui res gestas aut orationes scripserunt suas,
Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:quoniam vivitur, non cum perfectis hominibus, sed cum iis, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 15, 46:nulla (societas) carior quam ea quae cum re publicā est unicuique nostrum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 51:cum civibus vivere,
id. ib. 1, 34, 124:cum M. Fabio mihi summus usus est,
id. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.:cum quibus publice privatimque hospitia amicitiasque junxerant,
Liv. 1, 45, 2:partiri cum Dinaeā matre jussit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 21:cum Baebio communicare,
id. ib. 16, 47; cf.of local association, nearness: cum mortuā jugulatum servum nudum positurum ait,
Liv. 1, 58, 4:duos tamen pudor cum eo tenuit,
id. 2, 10, 5.—Of intercourse, traffic, etc.:4.cum aliquo agere,
to deal with, Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:cum eo Accius injuriarum agit,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:si par est agere cum civibus,
Cic. Off. 2, 23, 83; 3, 22, 88; id. Scaur. 10, 20; cf. id. Fam. 5, 18, 1; Liv. 1, 19, 7; 3, 9, 13; 4, 15, 2; Val. Max. 4, 3, 8:si mihi cum Peripateticis res esset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112:tecum enim mihi res est,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:uni tibi et cum singulis res est,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:pacem cum Sabinis facere,
Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Esp.: agere cum aliquo, to have a lawsuit with, Gai Inst. 4, 87; 4, 114 et saep.; v. ago, II. B. 8. a., and II. B. 9.; consisto, I. B. 5.; cf. also pango, etc.—Of deliberation and discussion:5.haec ego cum ipsis philosophis disserebam,
Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:tempus cum conjuratis consultando absumunt,
Liv. 2, 4, 3 et saep.; v. also cogito, reputo, dubito, etc.—Of strife, difference, etc.:6.quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:cum Cleanthe quam multis rebus Chrysippus dissidet!
Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 143:neque tam quererer cum deo quod, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 25, 81:cum quo Antiochum saepe disputantem audiebam,
id. ib. 2, 4, 11:cum stomacheretur cum Metello,
id. Or. 2, 66, 267:manu cum hoste confligere,
id. Off. 1, 23, 81:utilia cum honestis pugnare,
id. ib. 3, 7, 34: cum Catone dissentire. id. ib. 3, 22, 88:cum majoribus nostris bella gessit,
id. Scaur. 19, 45; Liv. 1, 35, 7; 7, 22, 4:cum Auruncis bellum inire,
id. 2, 16, 8; cf.:cum Volscis aequo Marte discessum est,
id. 2, 40, 14:inimicitias cum Africano gerere,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3:cum Scipione dissentire,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 12:cum utrāque (uxore) divortium fecit,
Suet. Claud. 26; cf. also certo, pugno, discrepo, differo, distraho, dissentio, etc.—Of comparison:B.nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,
Cic. Ac. 2, 5, 14:hanc rationem dicendi cum imperatoris laude comparare,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 8:conferam Sullamne cum Junio,
id. Clu. 34, 94:(orationem) cum magnitudine utilitatis comparare,
id. Off. 2, 6, 20.—Pregn., implying the notion of being furnished, endowed, clothed with any thing, or of possessing, holding, suffering under, etc., in a lit. and trop. sense: ille vir haud magnā cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (cf. the antith.:C.hominem sine re, sine fide,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78):a portu illuc nunc cum laternā advenit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 149:cadus cum vino,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Pers. 2, 3, 15:olla cum aquā,
Cato, R. R. 156:arcula cum ornamentis,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 91:fiscos cum pecuniā Siciliensi,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22:onerariae naves cum commeatu,
Liv. 30, 24, 5 et saep.:cum servili schemā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 117;so of clothing,
id. Rud. 1, 4, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54; 2, 5, 13, § 31; [p. 490] id. Rab. Post. 10, 27; Liv. 35, 34, 7; Suet. Claud. 13; Sil. 1, 94 et saep.:ut ne quis cum telo servus esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7;so of weapons,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 19; cf.:inmissi cum falcibus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 23, 65:vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade,
holding, id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:simulacrum Cereris cum faucibus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 49, §109: cum elephanti capite puer natus,
Liv. 27, 11, 5; cf.:cum quinque pedibus natus,
id. 30, 2, 10; 33, 1, 11; 27, 4, 14 al.: omnia cum pulchris animis Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 1; cf.Ter. ib.: Minucius cum vulnere gravi relatus in castra,
Liv. 9, 44, 14:te Romam venisse cum febri,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; so id. de Or. 3, 2, 6; id. Clu. 62, 175: cum eisdem suis vitiis nobilissimus, with all his faults, i. e. in spite of, id. ib. 40, 112:ex eis qui cum imperio sint,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 3 Manut.; cf.:cum imperio aut magistratu,
Suet. Tib. 12 Bremi; v. imperium.—With idem (never of the identity of two subjects, but freq. of the relation of two subjects to the same object, etc.;D.v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 538): tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:quandoque tu... omnibus in eisdem flagitiis mecum versatus es,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187:Numidae... in eādem mecum Africā geniti,
Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 3.—In the adverb. phrase, cum primis, with the foremost, i.e. especially, particularly (rare), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68; id. Brut. 62, 224.—Post-class. also as one word: cumprīmis, Gell. 1, 12, 7 al.► a.Cum in anastrophe. So always with the pers. pron.: mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 45, 154; Prisc. pp. 949 and 988 P.; and in gen. with the rel. pron.:b.quocum (quīcum), quacum, quibuscum, quīcum (for quocum),
Cic. Or. 45, 154; Liv. 38, 9, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, §§ 76 and 77; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Att. 4, 9, 2; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Quint. 8, 6, 65; 10, 5, 7; 11, 2, 38. But where cum is emphatic, or a demonstrative pron. is understood, cum is placed before the rel.; cf.:his de rebus velim cum Pompeio, cum Camillo, cum quibus vobis videbitur, consideretis,
Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3:adhibuit sibi quindecim principes cum quibus causas cognovit,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82; Liv. 1, 45, 2.—Before et... et, connecting two substt.:III.cum et diurno et nocturno metu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66.In compounds the primitive form com was alone in use, and was unchanged before b, p, m: comburo, compono, committo, and a few words beginning with vowels: comes, comitium, and comitor; m was assimilated before r: corripio; often before l: colligo or conligo; rarely before n, as connumero, but usually dropped: conecto, conitor, conubium; with the change of m into n before all the remaining consonants: concutio, condono, confero, congero, conqueror, consumo, contero, convinco; so, conjicio, etc., but more usually conicio; and with the rejection of m before vowels and before h: coarguo, coëo, coinquino, coopto, cohibeo.—B.It designates,1.A being or bringing together of several objects: coëo, colloquor, convivor, etc.: colligo, compono, condo, etc.—2.The completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signif. of the simple word, as in commaculo, commendo, concito, etc., comminuo, concerpo, concido, convello, etc.2.Cum (ante-class. quom; freq. in MSS. of Cicero; the post-class. form quum is incorrectly given in many MSS. and edd.), conj. [pronom. stem ka- or kva- with acc. case ending].I.Of time, when, as, while, sometimes = after, since.A.In adverbial clauses dependent on non-preterite predicates.1.The time designated by cum being indefinite, when, if, whenever, always with indic., except in the instances A. 2.a.Cum with pres. indic., often equivalent to si.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).nam omnes id faciunt quom se amari intellegunt,
Plaut. Truc. prol. 17:facile, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 9; Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 44; id. Poen. 4, 2, 20; id. Truc. 1, 1, 46; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 11:cum semen maturum habet, tum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; 41: quid? tum cum es iratus, permittis illi iracundiae dominationem animi tui? Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59:cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi,
id. Off. 3, 20, 79; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87:quidam vivere tunc incipiunt cum desinendum est,
Sen. Ep. 23, 11.—With principal predicate in fut. (rare):(γ).ad cujus igitur fidem confugiet cum per ejus fidem laeditur cui se commiserit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. Fl. 17, 40; Verg. A. 12, 208.—With principal predicate in logical perf. (mostly poet.):b.haud invito ad auris sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom te postputasse omnis res prae parente intellego,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 33:qui cum levati morbo videntur, in eum de integro inciderunt,
Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 2:(dolor) Cum furit... Profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = prodest),
Verg. G. 3, 457:nemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit,
Sen. Ep. 81, 19; Cic. Att. 4, 18, 1; Liv. 8, 8, 11; Verg. A. 9, 435; id. G. 1, 288.—With logical perf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in pres. (very freq.), the perf. translated either by English pres. perf. or by pres.: omnia sunt incerta cum a jure discessum est, when we ( once) disregard the law, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 1:(β).gubernatores cum exultantes loligines viderunt... tempestatem significari putant,
id. Div. 2, 70, 145:cum depulsi sunt agni a matribus, diligentia adhibenda est ne, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17:cum ejus generis copia defecit, ad innocentium supplicia descendunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5:(hostis) cum intravit... modum a captivis non accipit,
Sen. Ira, 1, 8, 2:quia enim, cum prima cognovi, jungere extrema cupio,
Plin. Ep. 7, 10, 1; Cic. Or. 1, 33, 153; id. Div. 2, 26, 56; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; id. Fam. 6, 3, 3; Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 5, 21; Liv. 22, 9, 8; 34, 31, 4; Val. Max. 8, 10 prooem.; 9, 6 init.; Sen. Ep. 3, 2; 21, 9; id. Cons. Helv. 13, 2; Curt. 3, 3, 18; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60; Quint. 4, 2, 122; 10, 7, 14.—In oblique clauses the perf. indic. may remain, or may be changed into perf. subj., even after preterites, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 26; 2, 20, 69.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.), Ov. P. 1, 5, 47.—(γ).With two logical perff. (rare):c.cum id factum est, tamen grex dominum non mutavit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:quae cum se disposuit... summum bonum tetigit,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5; id. Tranq. 17, 11; id. Ben. 1, 1, 5. —With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).ita fere officia reperientur, cum quaeretur, quid deceat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125; Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10; 2, 12, 17.— So with principal predicate in fut. imper:etiam tum cum verisimile erit aliquem commisisse... latratote,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57, id. Mur. 31, 65; id. Att. 3, 8, 4; Liv. 35, 19, 6.—With principal predicate in pres.:d.in talibus... stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupiditatibus imperabunt,
Cic. Lael. 22, 82; Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.—With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).quam (spem), cum in otium venerimus, habere volumus,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:nec irascimur illis cum sessorem recusaverint,
Sen. Const. 12, 3; id. Cons. Marc. 7, 2.—With principal predicate in fut. indic.:(γ).cum haec erunt considerata, statim nostrae legis expositione... utemur,
Auct. Her. 2, 10, 15:cum viderit secari patrem suum filiumve, vir bonus non flebit?
Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 1.—In oblique clauses, dependent on preterites, it is changed to the pluperf. subj.:qui tum demum beatum terrarum orbem futurum praedicavit cum aut sapientes regnare, aut reges sapere coepissent,
Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 4.—With principal predicate in fut. imper.:(δ).cum tempestates pluviae fuerint, videtote quot dies, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 2, 3; 25 init.; 38.—With two fut. perff.:e.cum bene cesserit negotiatio, multum militia retulerit,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 6.—In partic.(α).In definitions with pres, indic.:(β).humile genus est (causae) cum contempta res adfertur,
Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5:purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15: maxima est capitis deminutio cum aliquis simul et civitatem et libertatem amittit, Gai Inst. 1, 160; Auct. Her. 1, 46; 2, 4, 6; 4, 12, 17; 4, 53, 66 et saep. —Etiam cum (less freq. cum etiam), even when (nearly = etiamsi), always with indic. if dependent on other than preterite predicates. (1) With pres.: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet, quom etiam cavet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:(γ).in quo scelere, etiam cum multae causae convenisse... videntur, tamen non temere creditur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:qui incolunt maritimas urbis, etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excursant,
id. Rep. 2, 4, 7; Curt. 6, 3, 10; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6.—(2) With fut.:etiam cum potentes nocere intendent,
Sen. Const. 4, 1. —(3) With fut. perf.:cum etiam plus contenderimus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3.—(4) In oblique clauses with imperf. subj., Cic. Fragm. Tog. Cand. 15.—Anteclass. with indic. in addressing indefinite persons in rules, after imper.:2.sorba in sapa cum vis condere, arida facias,
Cato, R. R. 7 fin. — Always with indic. if a certain person is addressed; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59 (l. A. 1. a. a supra); id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47.—With subj. referring to indefinite time.a. (α).With pres. subj.:(β).acerbum'st pro benefactis quom mali messim metas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 53:quom faciem videas, videtur esse quantivis preti,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 38; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7 and 8 et saep.:difficile est tacere cum doleas,
Cic. Sull. 10, 31:etiam interpretatio nominis habet acumen cum ad ridiculum convertas,
id. de Or. 2, 63, 257; 2, 64, 259; 2, 67, 269; 2, 75, 305; 3, 38, 156; Sen. Ep. 75, 4 et saep.—With perf. subj.:b.difficile est cum praestare omnibus concupieris, servare aequitatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64:quos (versus) cum cantu spoliaveris, nuda paene remanet oratio,
id. Or. 55, 183; id. Lael. 21, 77; id. Inv. 1, 47, 88; Sall. C. 12, 3; 51, 24; 58, 16.—In the jurists, in a clause exemplifying a general rule: cum ergo ita scriptum sit Heres Titius esto, addicere debemus, Gai Inst. 2, 165; so id. ib. 4, 97; 3, 161; Auct. Her. 4, 31, 42.—c.In the phrase audio cum dicat (I. F. 1, b. infra):d.saepe soleo audire Roscium cum ita dicat se, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 129.—When, after cum, an imperfect or pluperfect is used as a logical tense (post-Aug.): non tulit gratis qui cum rogasset accepit, who has asked for the favor, and, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 1, 4; 2, 3, 1; 2, 13, 2; id. Ep. 86, 8.—e.If the principal predicate is a potential subjunctive, an indefinite clause with a present or future after cum is always in the same mood:3.caveto quom ventus siet aut imber, effodias aut seras,
Cato, R. R. 28:quis tam dissoluto animo est qui, haec cum videat, tacere ac neglegere possit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; id. Planc. 39, 94; id. Clu. 55, 153; id. Inv. 1, 4, 87; 1, 51, 95; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 32, 43.—Of definite time, always with indic. (for exceptions, v. 4. infra), when, if, while (for the distinction between cum and si, cf.:a.formam mihi totius rei publicae, si jam es Romae, aut cum eris, velim mittas,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:quae si prodierit, atque adeo cum prodierit—scio enim proditurum esse—audiet,
id. Rosc. Am. 25, 100:si damnatus eris, atque adeo cum damnatus eris—nam dubitatio quae poterit esse? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; id. Or. 2, 75, 304; Sen. Ep. 83, 10).Cum with pres. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).certe, edepol, quom illum contemplo et formam cognosco meam... nimis simili'st mei,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 288; so id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 45: Py. Ne fle. Ph. Non queo Quom te video, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 14; id. Am. 1, 1, 260; id. Rud. 3, 4, 38:potestne tibi ulla spes salutis ostendi cum recordaris in deos immortalis quam impius... fueris?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47: cum hoc vereor, et cupio tibi... parcere, rursus immuto voluntatem meam ( = while), id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4:equidem cum... recordor, vix aetatem Alexandri suffecturam fuisse reor ad unum bellum,
Liv. 9, 19, 12; Cic. Planc. 12, 29; id. Clu. 10, 29; Liv. 40, 46, 3:quod cum ita est,
if this is so, Quint. 24, 58 (cf.:quodsi ita est,
Cic. Mur. 2, 5); so,often, nunc cum: qui modo nusquam conparebas, nunc quom conpares, peris,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 2; so id. ib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 2, 17; id. As. 1, 2, 18; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 39:nos de injusto rege nihil loquimur, nunc cum de ipsa regali re publica quaerimus,
Cic. Rep. 3, 35, 47; Liv. 44, 39, 7.—So with logical perf. for the pres., Quint. 4, 2, 122.—But Cicero always uses nunc cum with a subj. when the clause, while designating present time, generally [p. 491] in opposition to a former time, implies a reason for the principal action, now that:quodsi tum, cum res publica severitatem desiderabat, vici naturam, etc., nunc cum omnes me causae ad misericordiam... vocent, quanto tandem studio, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 2, 3, 6; id. Fam. 9, 16, 7; id. Font. 15, 35 (25); id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; 17, 50; not found in later writers, except in the Gallic panegyrists, e. g. Eum. Grat. Act. 2 init. —With principal predicate in the logical perf., if (ante-class.):b.Curculio hercle verba mihi dedit quom cogito,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 27:sed tandem, quom recogito, qui potis est scire, haec scire me?
id. Stich. 2, 1, 29; id. Mil. 4, 8, 64.—Cum with logical perf. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).ergo quom optume fecisti, nunc adest occasio Benefacta cumulare,
after doing excellently, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: quo etiam major vir habendus est (Numa), cum illam sapientiam constituendae civitatis duobus prope saeculis ante cognovit, quam, etc. ( = siquidem, if he has; seeing that he has), Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; Verg. A. 9, 249.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.):c.at cumst imposta corona, Clamabis capiti vina subisse meo (est imposta = erit imposta),
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 30.—With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).quom videbis tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; id. Am. 3, 3, 15; id. Men. 5, 7, 7; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; id. Heaut. prol. 33:sed cum certum sciam faciam te paulo ante certiorem,
Cic. Fam. 9, 23; 3, 11, 3; 12, 30, 5; 14, 3, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 53, 10.—With principal predicate in fut. perf.:(γ).cum tu haec leges, ego jam annuum munus confecero,
Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—With principal predicate in imper. fut.:(δ).mox quom imitabor Sauream, caveto ne succenseas,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 105; id. Mil. 3, 3, 59.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):(ε).cum testes ex Sicilia dabo, quem volet ille eligat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Off. 1, 34, 122; 3, 10, 46; id. Att. 4, 9, 1; 4, 10, 2; 4, 17, 1 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, changed into imperf. subj., Caes. B. C. 2, 40; after other tenses it is either changed into pres. subj. or remains unchanged, Cic. Fam. 1, 56, 2; 1, 7, 4; Sall. C. 58, 8.—d.With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).mox dabo quom ab re divina rediero,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 193; id. Am. 1, 1, 43; 1, 2, 4; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 8:cum haec docuero, tum illud ostendam, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 4, 9; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3; id. de Or. 2, 33, 143; 2, 59, 239; id. Att. 3, 23, 5 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, the fut. perf. is changed into pluperf. subj., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; 28, 78; Liv. 1, 56, 11; 5, 30, 1; after other tenses, and often in oblique oration, it remains unchanged, or is changed into perf. subj., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183; id. Fam. 2, 5, 2 dub.; Liv. 21, 13, 8; 3, 56, 10.—With principal predicate in imper. (almost always fut. imper.):(γ).quod quom dixero, si placuerit, Facitote,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 37:cum ego Granium testem produxero, refellito, si poteris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154; id. Marcell. 9, 27; id. Fam. 16, 4, 3; Tac. A. 1, 22.—With pres. imper., Liv. 24, 38, 7.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):4.quae cum omnia collegeris, tum ipse velim judices satisne videatur,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 4; id. Or. 13, 41 dub.—In oblique clauses, after non-preterites, the fut. perf. remains unchanged:oro, ne me hodie, cum isti respondero, putetis, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10; id. Clu. 2, 6.—With subj. in definite time.a.Sometimes in oblique construction (3. c. e; 3. d. a).—b.Sometimes by attraction:c.curata fac sint quom a foro redeam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 6; 2, 3, 11; id. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. Curc. 2, 2, 3:non admirere cum ego ipse me id ex te primum audisse confitear?
Cic. Planc. 24, 58. —In the semi-causal connection nunc cum, v. 3, a. a fin. supra.B.In adverbial anterior clauses dependent on preterite predicates, the time of the cum clause preceding that of the principal sentence (always with subj., except in the instances mentioned 2.; 3. a; and 5.), when, after.1.With pluperf. subj. (so generally): quom socios nostros mandisset impius Cyclops, Liv. And. Fragm. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 817 (Lubbert conjectures, without sufficient reason, mandit sex): quom saucius multifariam ibi factus esset, tamen volnus capiti nullum evenit, Cato, Orig. ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:2.portisculus signum cum dare coepisset,
Enn. Ann. v. 234 Vahl.:quom testamento patris partisset bona,
Afran. Com. Rel. v. 50 Rib.: quem quom ibi vidissent Hortensius Postumiusque, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 4, 32; Enn. Ann. v. 241 Vahl.; Turp. Com. Rel. v. 48 Rib.; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 394, 27 (the MSS. reading:quom venisset,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 15, is corrupt):audivi summos homines cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:haec cum Crassus dixisset, silentium est consecutum,
id. ib. 1, 35, 160:cum Thebani Lacedaemonios bello superavissent... aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,
id. Inv. 2, 23, 69:Dionysius cum fanum Proserpinae Locris expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83:eo cum venisset, animadvertit ad alteram ripam magnas esse copias hostium,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18:Tarquinius et Tullia minor... cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur nuptiis,
Liv. 1, 46, 9 et saep. —With pluperf. indic.a.Ante-class. in place of the class. subj.:b.idem me pridem quom ei advorsum veneram, Facere atriensem voluerat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 28:Quid ais? Quom intellexeras, id consilium capere, quor non dixti extemplo,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 38.—If the pluperfect is a virtual imperfect, designating the time at which the main action took place, the principal predicate being likewise in the pluperfect, when the clause would require an indicative if placed in the imperfect (3. a. a): exspectationem nobis non parvam adtuleras cum scripseras Varronem tibi confirmasse, etc. ( = exspectabam cum legebam; cf. C. 3, a. a, 2.), Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2, where the cum clause is relative; v. E.: Romae haud minus terroris... erat quam fuerat biennio ante cum castra Punica objecta Romanis moenibus fuerant (C. 3. a. a, 1.), Liv. 27, 44, 1; so id. 5, 28, 1; 26, 40, 17; 44, 10, 1.—c.If the clause indicates that the time of the main action is a period, subsequent to that of the action designated by the pluperfect:3.nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant, scimus Romae, solutione impedita, fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:cum ea consecutus nondum eram... tamen ista vestra nomina numquam sum admiratus,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Inv. 2, 42, 124; Caes. B. G. 7, 35; Liv. 24, 7, 1 sq.; Nep. Dat. 6, 5; Curt. 9, 10, 12; Verg. A. 5, 42.—If both predicates denote repeated action, the anterior clause with cum has the pluperf. indic. or subj.a.With pluperf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in imperf. indic. (so almost always in Cicero and Caesar; not in the poets, nor in Vell., Val. Max., Tac., Suet., or Plin.), whenever:(β).cum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, eadem lectica usque ad cubiculum deferebatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27; 2, 1, 46, § 120; 2, 3, 67, § 156; 2, 4, 61, § 137; 2, 5, 10, § 27; id. Fl. 7, 16; 10, 21; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; id. Or. 32, 113; id. Brut. 24, 93:(Cassi vellaunus) cum equitatus noster se in agros ejecerat, essedarios ex silvis emittebat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19; 3, 14; 3, 15; 4, 7; 5, 35; 7, 22; id. B. C. 1, 58; Sall. J. 92, 8; 44, 4:cum comminus venerant, gladiis a velitibus trucidabantur,
Liv. 38, 21, 12; Nep. Epam. 3, 6; Sen. Ep. 11, 4; Curt. 3, 10, 8; 3, 10, 11; Quint. 7, 1, 4; Gell. 15, 22, 5; 17, 18, 3; Gai Inst. 4, 15; Pacat. 9.—With principal predicate in perf. indic.:b.Pacuvius qui Syriam usu suam fecit, cum vino... sibi parentaverat,
Sen. Ep. 12, 8; 108, 14.—With pluperf. subj., an imperf. indic. in principal sentence:4.cum fossam latam cubiculari lecto circumdedisset, ejusque transitum... conjunxisset, eum ipse detorquebat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae... effugiebant, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 41:cum in jus duci debitorem vidissent, undique convolabant,
Liv. 2, 27, 8; 25, 3, 11; 5, 48, 2.—In anterior clauses with imperf. subj.(α).When the principal clause expresses an immediate consequence ( = pluperf. subj.):(β).Demaratus cum audiret dominationem Cypseli confirmari, defugit patriam ( = cum audivisset),
Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34; Caes. B. G. 5, 17 et saep.—Where both verbs relate to one transaction, especially in remarks and replies:(γ).(Epaminondas) cum gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:cum ex eo quaereretur quid esset dolus magnus, respondebat, etc.,
id. Off. 3. 14, 60; id. Or. 2, 69, 278; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Liv. 3, 71, 4 et saep.—When the principal action takes place during the action of the dependent clause:5.qui cum unum jam et alterum diem desideraretur, neque in eis locis inveniretur... liberti Asuvii in eum invadunt, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—For the perf. indic. instead of pluperf. subj. v. C. 1. d. infra.C.In adverbial clauses of coincident time dependent on preterites ( = eo tempore quo), the clause with cum designating the time at which or during which the main action took place, when, as, while.[The theory of the use of tenses and moods in these clauses is not fully settled. The older grammarians require the indicative if cum denotes pure time, but the subjunctive if denoting cause or relations similar to cause. Zumpt and others acknowledge that the rule is frequently not observed, attributing this to the predilection of the Latin language for the subjunctive. Recently Hoffmann (Zeitpartikeln der Lateinischen Sprache, 1st ed. 1860; 2d ed. 1873) and Lubbert (Syntax von Quom, 1870) have advanced the theory that cum requires the indicative if denoting absolute time, but the subjunctive if denoting relative time. They define absolute time as time co-ordinate or parallel with, or logically independent of, the time of the principal action, which performs the function of a chronological date for the principal action, and they consider it as a criterion that the clause might have constituted an independent sentence; while relative time is logically subordinate to the principal action. Hoffmann condenses his theory in the following words: cum with indicative names and describes the time at which the action of the principal sentence took place; cum with the subjunctive, on the contrary, designates the point of time at which, or the space of time during which, the action expressed in the principal sentence commenced or ended. The chief objections to this theory are: (1) Its vagueness.—(2) The facts that in many instances cum with the subjunctive clearly dates the main action (C. 3. a. b, 2, and 4.; C. 3. a. 5.; C. 3. b. b, 3. and 5.; C. 3. b. g infra); that many of the subjunctive clauses with cum may be transformed into independent sentences (C. 3. b. b, 2. and 3. infra); that many indicative clauses with cum are logically subordinate to the main action (C. 3. a. a, 2. infra), and that when both moods are used in two co-ordinated clauses with cum belonging to the same main sentence, Hoffmann must account for the difference of the moods by explanations not drawn from his theory (Cic. Agr. 2, 64, 64; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Div. 1, 43, 97; id. Fin. 2, 19, 61; id. de Or. 67, 272; Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Liv. 6, 40, 17; 30, 44, 10).—(3) The impossibility of clearly drawing the line between logical co-ordination and subordination; and the fact that, wherever it is drawn, there will be many passages not accounted for (cf. 1. init. and many passages under C. 3. a. a, 3.; C. 3. a. d; C. 3. b. g, etc.).—(4) That the supposed use of cum with the imperfect indicative is inconsistent with the received doctrine that the imperfect always designates a time relative to another time—a difficulty not satisfactorily met by Hoffman's assumption of an aoristic imperfect.]GENERAL RULE.—The predicate after cum is in the perfect indicative (or historical present) if the action is conceived as a point of time coincident with the time of the main action. It is either in the imperfect indicative or in the imperfect subjunctive if the action is conceived as occupying a period of time within which the main action took place (e. g.:1.quid enim meus frater ab arte adjuvari potuit, cum... furem se videre respondit? Quid in omni oratione Crassus... cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220;where dicebat might stand for diceret, but not responderet for respondit: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, etc.,
Liv. 29, 37, 8; cf.:cum tecum Ephesi collocutus sum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1; and:cum te Puteolis prosequerer,
id. ib. 3, 10, 8: cum primum lex coepta ferri est, Liv 3, 14, 4; and: cum [p. 492] ferretur lex, id. 5, 30, 4;also,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1, and Liv. 3, 58, 7).Both predicates in the perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), both clauses denoting points of time (the principal predicate may be in any verbal form implying a perfect).a.The clause expressing a momentary action:b.posticulum hoc recepit quom aedis vendidit, Flaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157: scilicet qui dudum tecum venit cum pallam mihi Detulisti,
id. Men. 2, 3, 46; prol. 62; id. Poen. 4, 2, 82; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 57; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21 et saep.:non tum cum emisti fundum Tusculanum, in leporario apri fuerunt,
Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 8:in judiciis quanta vis esset didicit cum est absolutus,
Cic. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 4:per tuas statuas vero cum dixit, vehementer risimus,
id. de Or. 2, 59, 242:cum occiditur Sex. Roscius, (servi) ibidem fuerunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; 1, 4, 11; 2, 2, 66, § 160; 2, 3, 47, § 112; id. Caecin. 29, 85; id. Sest. 55, 157; id. Phil. 2, 9, 21; id. Rep. 6, 22, 24; id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; id. Att. 2, 1, 5 et saep.:tunc flesse decuit cum adempta sunt nobis arma,
Liv. 3, 55, 10; 10, 6, 8; 28, 42, 14; 42, 46, 1; Vitr. 2, 8, 12; 2, 1, 7; 2, 9, 15;6, 7, 4: semel dumtaxat vultum mutavit, tunc cum... anulum in profundum dejecit,
Val. Max. 6, 9, 6; 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 1, ext. 1;9, 8, 1: rerum natura... cum visum est deinde, (filium tuum) repetiit,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 10, 4; 11, 2; id. Q. N. 1, 11, 3; 6, 25, 4:accepimus et serpentem latrasse cum pulsus est regno Tarquinius,
Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153; 2, 24, 22, § 90; 2, 52, 53, § 139; Suet. Claud. 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 61; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 8; Tib. 3, 5, 18; Mart. 5, 49, 9.—So, cum primum, when first, the first time that, as soon as:jube vinum dari: jam dudum factum'st quom primum bibi,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 40; id. Cas. prol. 17; Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 31; id. And. prol. 1; id. Eun. 3, 3, 4:Pompeius cum primum contionem habuit... ostendit, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45; id. Fam. 2, 9, 1; Liv. 3, 55, 10; 25, 6, 2; 25, 29, 4; 31, 3, 1; 40, 8, 1; 42, 34, 3; Curt. 6, 11, 23; but with imperf. subj. when referring to a per. of time:ipse cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet, ad exercitum venit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2.—In the poets and later writers, the imperf. subj. often occurs where classic prose has the perf. indic.:effice ut idem status sit cum exigis qui fuit cum promitterem,
Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 4:tum lacrimare debueras cum equo calcaria subderes,
Curt. 7, 2, 6; Suet. Claud. 6; Ov. P. 4, 12, 28.—If the clause denotes a state, condition, or action of longer duration, it takes the perf. indic. if asserted as a complete fact without regard to what happened during its progress (virtual point of time):c.in quem Juppiter se convertit cum exportavit per mare... Europen,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5:ne cum in Sicilia quidem (bellum) fuit... pars ejus belli in Italiam ulla pervasit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6:nempe eo (lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum cum urbem condidit,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125; id. Lig. 7, 20; id. Rep. 3, 32, 44:non tibi, cum in conspectu Roma fuit, succurrit? etc.,
Liv. 2, 40, 7; 34, 3, 7; Nep. Iphicr. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 4, 3.—With perf. indic., by the time when, before, referring to facts which actually occurred before the action of the principal sentence:d.ab Anaximandro moniti Lacedaemonii sunt ut urbem... linquerent, quod terrae motus instaret, tum cum... urbs tota corruit,
Cic. Div. 1, 50, 112; Liv. 22, 36, 4; 34, 31, 15; Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 53.—With perf. indic. when actions in immediate sequence are represented as coincident:2.ad quem cum accessimus, Appio, subridens, Recipis nos, inquit, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 2:me primus dolor percussit, Cotta cum est expulsus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 303:itaque ne tum quidem cum classem perdidisti, Mamertinis navem imperare ausus es,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:haec cum facta sunt in concilio, magna spe et laetitia omnium discessum est,
Caes. B. C. 3, 87:cum Thessalos in armis esse nuntiatum est, Ap. Claudium... senatus misit,
Liv. 42, 5, 8:Gracchus cum ex Sardinia rediit, orationem ad populum habuit,
Gell. 15, 12, 1; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Deiot. 6, 17; id. Top. 16, 61; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; id. Fam. 5, 21, 2; Liv. 4, 44, 10; 4, 60, 8; 9, 25, 2; 22, 14, 12; Nep. Dat. 11, 1; Suet. Caes. 31; Gell. 1, 23, 5; Prop. 3, 20, 37 (4, 21, 7).—Hence a perf. indic. in co-ordination with pluperf. subj.: cum sol nocte visus esset... et cum caelum discessisse visum est (decemviri ad libros ire jussi sunt), Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97.—With a perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), the principal predicate in imperf.a.The action falling within the time of the principal predicate:b.set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis, quom hinc abit?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 107; id. Rud. 3, 6, 9; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:haec Crassi oratio cum edita est, quattuor et triginta tum habebat annos, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 43, 161:eo cum venio, praetor quiescebat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32; 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Fl. 13, 20; id. Pis. 1, 2; id. Lig. 1, 3; id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; 3, 4, 11; id. Fam. 13, 35, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 13:cum Caesari in Galliam venit, alterius factionis principes erant Aedui, alterius Sequani,
Caes. B. G. 6, 12; Sall. J. 71, 1:cum haec accepta clades est, jam C. Horatius et T. Menenius consules erant,
Liv. 2, 51, 1; 21, 39, 4; 23, 49, 5; 28, 27, 14; 34, 16, 6;45, 39, 1: merito me non adgnoscis, nam cum hoc factum est, integer eram,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 3.—Post-class. writers generally use imperf. subj.:beneficium ei videberis dedisse cui tunc inimicissimus eras cum dares?
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 7:bona quoque, quae tunc habuit cum damnaretur, publicabuntur,
Dig. 28, 18, § 1:pauper Fabricius (erat) Pyrrhi cum sperneret aurum,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 413.—The action strictly anterior to the principal sentence, rare (1. d.): nam quod conabar cum interventum'st dicere, nunc expedibo, Pac. ap. Non. p. 505, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 65 Rib.):3.cum est ad nos adlatum de temeritate eorum, etc., cetera mihi facillima videbantur... multaque mihi veniebant in mentem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; Sall. C. 51, 32; Verg. A. 6, 515; id. E. 3, 14.—The predicate after cum conceived as a period or space of time (including repeated action) is either in the imperf. indic. or imperf. subj. [In ante-classical writers and Cicero the imperf. indic. very frequent, and largely prevailing over the subj., except that when the principal predicate denotes a point of time (with perf.), Cicero commonly uses the subj.; the imperf. indic. occurs in Cicero 241 times; in Caesar once with the force of a relativeclause (B. G. 1, 40, 5), and 3 times of repeated action; in Nep. once of repeated action (Att. 9, 6); in Sall. twice (J. 31, 20; id. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch); in Liv. 22 times; in Verg. 4 times; in Ovid twice; in Tib. twice; in Prop. 3 times; in Val. Max. twice; then it disappears (except once each in Tac. and Mart.), but reappears in Gaius (3 times), Gellius (twice), and the Gallic panegyrists (several times)].a.Both predicates denoting spaces of time, the principal predicate always in the imperf. indic. unless the mood is changed by other influences.(α).Cum with the imperf. indic. (1) In express or implied opposition to other periods of time, esp. with tum or tunc:(β).eademne erat haec disciplina tibi quom tu adulescens eras?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 17:alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?
Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; id. Most. 1, 3, 64; id. Mil. 2, 2, 26; Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.):qui cum plures erant, paucis nobis exaequari non poterant, hi postquam pauciores sunt, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:qui (Pompeius) cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus ipse eum diligebat, postquam ille metuere coepit, etc.,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4:res per eosdem creditores per quos cum tu aderas agebatur,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 1 (cf.:Senatus consultum factum est de ambitu in Afranii sententiam quam ego dixeram cum tu adesses,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 3):Trebellium valde jam diligit: oderat tum cum ille tabulis novis adversabatur,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:non tam id sentiebam cum fruebar, quam tunc cum carebam,
id. Red. Quir. 1, 3:etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiebatur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 111 (so 111 times in Cicero, including the instances where the principal predicate is in the perf.):cum captivis redemptio negabatur, nos vulgo homines laudabant, nunc deteriore condicione sumus, etc.,
Liv. 25, 6, 14; 10, 7, 2; 33, 34, 3; 34, 4, 10; 44, 36, 8; 45, 38, 1; Ov. P. 2, 6, 9; id. M. 13, 473; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1; 4, 1, 10; Mart. 12, 70, 10; Gai Inst. 1, 184; Eum. Grat. Act. 6; cf.: cur eum, cum in consilium iretur, Cluentius et Canutius abesse patiebantur? Cur cum in consilium mittebant, Stajenum judicem qui pecuniam dederant, non requirebant? Cic. Clu. 30, 83 (cum iretur, of the time when the judges retired; cum mittebant, of the previous time, when the parties were asked about the closing of the case; opp. cum iretur).—Poets, even in the class. per., sometimes use the subj. in dependence upon the indic.:hic subito quantus cum viveret esse solebat, Exit humo,
Ov. M. 13, 441. —(2) The principal predicate denoting a mental act or reflection occasioned by, or accompanying the action of the clause with cum (mostly ante-class. and in Cicero):desipiebam mentis cum illa scripta mittebam tibi,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 35; id. Aul. 2, 2, 1; id. Ps. 1, 5, 86:sed tu cum et tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas, et cum eis praedabare, et... non statuebas tibi rationem esse reddendam?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:illas res tantas cum gerebam, non mihi mors, non exsilium ob oculos versabatur?
id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Cat. 3, 1, 3; 3, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; 2, 2, 13, § 33; 2, 2, 35, § 86; 2, 3, 86, § 198; 2, 5, 21, § 54; id. Fl. 1, 1; id. Deiot. 1, 3; 8, 23; id. Pis. 24, 56 and 57; id. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Or. 13, 41; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 43; id. Fam. 7, 9, 5 (22 times); Sall. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch (cf.:num P. Decius cum se devoveret, et equo admisso in mediam aciem Latinorum inruebat, aliquid... cogitabat?
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61; cum se devoveret explains the circumstances of inruebat; hence acc. to 3. a. b, 2. in subj.; cf. Madv. ad loc., who reads devoverat).—(3) If the predicate after cum has a meaning peculiar to the imperf. indic., which by the use of the subj. would be effaced: quod erat os tuum, cum videbas eos homines, quorum ex bonis istum anulus aureus donabas? (descriptive imperf.) Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187; so,fulgentis gladios hostium videbant Decii, cum in aciem eorum inruebant,
id. Tusc. 2, 24, 59: cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat ( = accipere nolebat, conative imperf.), id. Brut. 14, 55:cum vim quae esset in sensibus explicabamus, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 12, 37 (the verbum dicendi refers to a certain stage in the discourse, for which Cicero uses the imperf. indic. in independent sentences, e. g. N. D. 3, 29, 71; 3, 6, 15; de Or. 1, 53, 230; 2, 19, 83; 2, 84, 341); so,equidem... risum vix tenebam, cum Attico Lysiae Catonem nostrum comparabas,
id. Brut. 8, 293:cum censebam,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 264:cum dicebam,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 5:cum ponebas,
id. Fin. 2, 19, 63; so esp. in Cicero's letters the phrase cum haec scribebam = while I am writing this, to preserve the meaning of an epistolary tense, referring to a state, condition, or action in progress at the time of writing the letter:res, cum haec scribebam, erat in extremum adducta discrimen,
id. Fam. 12, 6, 2; 3, 12, 2; 5, 12, 2; 6, 4, 1; id. Att. 5, 20, 5 et saep.; cum haec scriberem, scripsissem, scripsi, are not epistolary tenses, but refer to events happening after the letter or part of it was finished, = when I wrote, had written, id. ib. 2, 15, 3; 10, 4, 7; 4, 10, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; 8, 13, 2;sometimes cum dabam = cum scribebam,
Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3 (but cf.:cum scriberem, as epistolary tense, in oblique discourse,
id. Att. 15, 13, 7).—(4) The coincidence in time of two actions is made emphatic, = eo ipso tempore quo:tum cum insula Delos... nihil timebat, non modo provinciis sed etiam Appia via jam carebamus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; id. Phil. 1, 15, 36; 13, 8, 17; id. Sull. 10, 31; id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Dom. 45, 118.—The predicate after cum is in the imperf. subj. (1) To impart to the clause a causal, adversative or concessive meaning besides the temporal relation:(γ).antea cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis (a logical consequence),
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:sed cum jam honores (Hortensii) et illa senior auctoritas gravius quiddam requireret, remanebat idem (dicendi genus) nec decebat idem,
id. Brut. 95, 327; id. Phil. 1, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42; 16, 45; id. Pis. 10, 2; Liv. 25, 13, 1; 26, 5, 1.—(2) To indicate circumstances under which the main action took place, and by which it is explained:Flaminius, cum tripudio auspicaretur, pullarius diem differebat, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: [p. 493] equidem cum peterem magistratum, solebam in prensando dimittere a me Scaevolam, id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Liv. 41, 1, 2 (cf. 3. b. b, 3.).—(3) To describe the locality of the main action: quom essem in provincia legatus, quam plures ad praetores et consules vinum honorarium dabant, Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 3, 8:Zenonem cum Athenis essem audiebam frequenter,
Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 59; 1, 28, 79; id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; id. Att. 2, 11, 1; 12, 5, 4; 16, 14, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29; Liv. 5, 54, 3 (cf. 3. b. b, 4.).—(4) To designate the time of the main action as a condition:cum ageremus vitae supremum diem, scribebamus hoc,
Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 54:cum jam in exitu annus esset, Q. Marcius... magistratu abiturus erat,
Liv. 39, 23, 1 (cf. 3. b. b, 5.).—If both the clause with cum and the principal predicate denote repeated action, the predicate with cum in class. prose is in the imperf. indic. or subj. according to the rules under a and b; the principal predicate being always in the imperf. indic.; but in ante-class. writers cum has always the imperf. indic. (1) Imperf. indic.:(δ).tum mi aedes quoque arridebant, quom ad te veniebam, tuae,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Am. 1, 1, 45; id. Rud. 4, 7, 25 sqq.; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 19; Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 5; Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2; Gai Inst. 2, 101; Pacat. Pan. 9 fin.:cum a nostro Catone laudabar vel reprehendi me a ceteris facile patiebar,
Cic. Or. 13, 41; so Nep. Att. 9, 6.—To distinguish from adversative relations, as Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 6; Gai Inst. 2, 254.—If only the clause with cum, but not the principal predicate, denotes repeated action, the latter is in the perf., the former in imperf. indic., Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Cic. Arch. 5, 10.—(2) Imperf. subj., mostly denoting circumstances to explain the main action: cum dilectus antiquitus fieret... tribunus militaris adigebat, etc., Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:Hortensius cum partiretur tecum causas, prorogandi locum semper tibi relinquebat,
Cic. Brut. 51, 190; id. Div. 1, 45, 102; id. de Or. 1, 54, 232; id. Brut. 62, 222; Liv. 3, 66, 2; 5, 25, 12:ex hoc effectos panes, cum in colloquiis Pompeiani famem nostris objectarent, vulgo in eos jaciebant (causal),
Caes. B. C. 3, 48; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62; so,according to class. usage,
Sen. Ep. 86, 11; Curt. 5, 2, 7; 6, 5, 18; 7, 3, 13; Suet. Caes. 65;contrary to class. usage,
Val. Max. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 30, 7; 77, 8; Tac. H. 2, 91; Spart. Had. 18. —In other instances (which are rare), both moods occur, either without any discrimination, or for special reasons. (1) Ante-class.:b.nam quom modo exibat foras, ad portum se aibat ire,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 2. —(2) Class.:ut, cum L. Opimii causam defendebat, C. Carbo nihil de Gracchi nece negabat, sed id jure factum esse dicebat,
Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 106 (cf.:nuper cum ego C. Sergii Oratae... causam defenderem, nonne omnis nostra in jure versata defensio est?
id. ib. 1, 39, 178; in each of these sentences the clause with cum sustains exactly the same relation to the principal predicate; but the former has the imperf. in the principal sentence, and in this connection Cic. prefers the indic. after cum):similiter arbitror... illum (oratorem) de toto illo genere non plus quaesiturum esse, quid dicat, quam Polycletum illum, cum Herculem fingebat, quem ad modum pellem aut hydram fingeret (fingebat, for euphony, in view of the foll. fingeret),
id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; cf.:nec vero ille artifex cum faceret Jovis formam... contemplabatur aliquem, e quo similitudinem duceret,
id. Or. 2, 9.—Without assignable reason:casu, cum legerem tuas litteras, Hirtius erat apud me,
Cic. Att. 15, 1, 2; cf.:Hasdrubal tum forte cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphacem erat,
Liv. 29, 31, 1:cum haec Romae agebantur, Chalcide Antiochus ipse sollicitabat civitatium animos, etc.,
id. 36, 5, 1; cf.:cum haec in Hispania gererentur, comitiorum jam appetebat dies,
id. 35, 8, 1 (Weissenb. gerebantur):cum haec agebantur, Chalcide erat Antiochus,
id. 36, 15, 1; cf.:cum haec agerentur jam consul via Labicana ad fanum Quietis erat,
id. 4, 41, 8; 35, 2, 1.—(3) PostAug. writers almost always use imperf. subj., disregarding the class. usage: ipsa fruebatur arte cum pingeret (cf. a, 2.), Sen. Ep. 9, 7; id. Cons. Marc. 23, 3; Plin. Pan. 34:tunc erat mendacio locus cum ignota essent externa... nunc vero, etc. (opposition of times),
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 24; so id. Ep. 97, 9; Mart. 2, 61, 1; cf. Don. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13 (3. a. a, 1. supra):cum haec proderem habebant et Caesares juvenes sturnum, etc.,
Plin. 10, 41, 59, § 120.—If the principal predicate denotes a point of time, and the predicate with cum a period of time, the former is in the perf. indic. unless changed by construction; the latter(α).In the imperf. indic., according to the rules a. a, except 2. (1) When the time of the cum clause is opposed to other periods of time:(β).res quom animam agebat tum esse offusam oportuit,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 85; id. Truc. 4, 2, 20; id. Ep. 3, 3, 50 (3, 4, 21); id. Most. 5, 1, 68:quod cum res agebatur nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui diceres?
Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 22; id. Rep. 2, 23, 43; id. Div. 1, 41, 92; 1, 45, 101; id. Ac. 2, 28, 90; id. Quint. 19, 60; 17, 54; 19, 61; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210 et saep.; Liv. 22, 60, 25; Verg. A. 4, 597; Tib. 1, 10, 8; 1, 10, 19; Prop. 2, 1, 31; 5 (4), 10, 24.—The subj. may be used if the principal action is represented as a consequence or result:o, Astaphium, haut isto modo solita's me ante appellare, Sed blande, quom illuc quod aput vos nunc est, aput me haberem,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 60 (Lubbert conjectures habebam); Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2 and 3; id. Fin. 4, 27, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 130; id. Mur. 3, 8; Liv. 5, 53, 9; 10, 6, 9; 43, 21, 1;44, 39, 7.— Hence the mood may change in co-ordinate clauses: tum, cum haberet haec res publica Luscinos, Calatinos, etc., homines... patientia paupertatis ornatos, et tum, cum erant Catones, Phili, etc., tamen hujusce modi res commissa nemini est (haberet, concessive),
Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64.—(2) To make emphatic the coincidence of time, = eo ipso tempore (a. a, 4.):cum is triumphus de Liguribus agebatur, Ligures... coloniam ipsam ceperunt,
Liv. 41, 14, 1; Cic. Sest. 26, 56; id. Phil. 2, 36, 90; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 97; id. Att. 1, 4, 1.—(3) To preserve the peculiar force of the imperf. indic. (a. a, 3.): cum iste jam decedebat, ejus modi litteras ad eos misit, etc. (conative imperf.), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:cum Africanus censor tribu movebat centurionem... inquit,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 272 (cf.:cum (censor) M. Antistio equum ademisset,
id. ib. 2, 71, 287).—With the imperf. subj. (1) Always when cum means while (time during which): quomque caput caderet, carmen tuba sola peregit et, etc., Enn. ap. Lact. ad Stat. Th. 11, 56 (Ann. v. 508 Vahl.):(γ).magistratus quom ibi adesset, occepta'st agi,
Ter. Eun. prol. 22 (Lubbert conjectures adsedit); Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):Alexandrum uxor sua, cum simul cubaret, occidit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:armati, cum sui utrosque adhortarentur... in medium inter duas acies procedunt,
Liv. 1, 25, 1; Varr. R. R. 2, 81; Auct. Her. 4, 52, 65; Cic. Brut. 3, 10; id. Clu. 62, 175; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 3, 57; Liv. 1, 30, 8; 10, 30, 3 et saep.—(2) To connect a logical (causal, etc.) relation with the temporal meaning (a. b, 1.):cum ille Romuli senatus... temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam, populus id non tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 23:an pater familiarissimis suis succensuit cum Sullam et defenderent et laudarent? (causal),
id. Sull. 17, 49:tum cum bello sociorum tota Italia arderet, homo non acerrimus... C. Norbanus in summo otio fuit (concessive),
id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 8:quibus rebus cum unus in civitate maxime floreret, incidit in eandem invidiam, etc. (adversative),
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:sed cum jam appropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset... tunc injecta trepidatio est,
Liv. 44, 28, 10; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211; id. Clu. 31, 84; id. Mur. 3, 8; id. Phil. 3, 2, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; Caes. B. C. 2, 7; Liv. 25, 9, 10; 21, 41, 12.—(3) To explain the main fact by circumstances:quem quidem hercle ego, in exilium quom iret, redduxi domum,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 19:consule me, cum esset designatus tribunus, obtulit in discrimen vitam suam,
Cic. Sest. 28, 61:haec epistula est, quam nos, in aedibus Apronii cum litteras conquireremus, invenimus,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 154: Socrates, cum XXX. tyranni essent, pedem porta non extulit, id. Att. 8, 2, 4:Brundusii cum loquerer cum Phania, veni in eum sermonem ut dicerem, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:itaque, cum populum in curias triginta divideret, nomina earum (Sabinarum) curiis imposuit,
Liv. 1, 13, 6:Ap. Claudius, ovans cum in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, etc., in aerarium tulit,
id. 41, 28, 6; Cic. Clu. 20, 55; id. Phil. 12, 8, 20; id. Scaur. 47; id. Inv. 2, 31, 96; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Div. 1, 52, 119; id. Off. 2, 8, 27; id. Or. 2, 55, 225 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 13; 6, 6, 5; Liv. 1, 39, 4; 3, 63, 6; 4, 53, 11 et saep.—(4) To describe the place of the main action (a. a, 3.):cum essem in castris ad fluvium Pyramum, redditae mihi sunt uno tempore a te epistulae duae,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1;so with cum essem (essemus, etc.),
id. ib. 2, 19, 1; 3, 4, 1; 13, 56, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 1; 14, 19, 1; id. Ac. 1, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Varr. R. R. 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 4, 11 et saep.:Eumenes rex ab Roma cum in regnum rediret... mactatus est ( = on the journey),
Liv. 42, 40, 8:Agesilaus cum ex Aegypto reverteretur... in morbum implicitus decessit,
Nep. Ages. 8, 6.—The perf. indic. (cum fui, etc.) refers to temporary visits to a place:Gallo narravi, cum proxime Romae fui, quid audissem,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 2:proxime cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3.—(5) To designate the time by natural occurrences (a. a, 4.):ipsi comprehensi a me, cum jam dilucesceret, deducuntur,
Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6:cum advesperasceret, cum lucesceret,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 8:cum lux appropinquaret,
id. Tull. 9, 21:cum dies instaret,
id. Inv. 2, 31, 96:cum comitiorum tempus adpeteret,
Liv. 28, 10, 1:cum dies comitiorum adpropinquaret,
id. 3, 34, 7; 10, 13, 2.—But when a date is given as a point of time, the perf. indic. is used:cum ea dies venit,
Liv. 4, 44, 10; 6, 20, 4.—(6) When the action of the cum clause is interrupted or ended by the main action:cum hanc jam epistulam complicarem, tabellarii a vobis venerunt, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17:L. Octavius, cum multas jam causas diceret, adulescens est mortuus,
id. Brut. 68, 241:cum plures jam tribus dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum juberent... ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit,
Liv. 40, 42, 10:cum maxime conquereretur apud patres... repente strepitus ante curiam... auditur,
id. 8, 33, 4:haec cum maxime dissereret, intervenit Tarquinius,
id. 1, 50, 7;so with cum maxime,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 23, 24, 6; 30, 33, 12.—(7) If the clause with cum has the force of a participial adjunct of the principal predicate (cum diceret = dicens, or dicendo):Caesarem saepe accusavit, cum adfirmaret illum numquam, dum haec natio viveret, sine cura futurum ( = adfirmans, or adfirmando),
Cic. Sest. 63, 132:Antigonus in proelio, cum adversus Seleucum dimicaret, occisus est ( = dimicans),
Nep. Reg. 3, 2:impulit ut cuperem habere, cum diceret,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 8; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 3; id. Clu. 42, 119; 56, 153; id. pro Corn. Maj. Fragm. 16; id. Mil. 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 57, 243; id. Or. 37, 129; id. Fin. 1, 5, 16; id. Inv. 2, 34, 105; Val. Max. 1, 2, ext. 1; Ov. P. 1, 9, 42.—(8) In the historians, in a summary reference to events already related:cum haec in Achaia atque apud Dyrrhachium gererentur... Caesar mittit, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57:cum civitas in opere ac labore adsiduo reficiendae urbis teneretur, interim Q. Fabio... dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:cum hic status in Boeotia esset, Perseus... misit,
id. 42, 56, 10; 33, 36, 1; 34, 22, 3; 38, 8, 1; 42, 64, 1; 45, 11, 1.—In all other cases the imperf. subj. is regularly used in class. prose, even if the action of the clause with cum is logically independent of the principal sentence:D.illum saepe audivi, hic, cum ego judicare jam aliquid possem, abfuit,
Cic. Brut. 71, 248: senatus consultum est factum de ambitu in Afranii sententiam, in quam ego dixeram, cum tu adesses. id. Q. Fr. 2, 7 (9), 3; so always (class.) with cum maxime, precisely when, just when:cum maxime haec in senatu agerentur, Canuleius... (ad populum) ita disseruit,
Liv. 4, 3, 1:cum maxime Capua circumvallaretur, Syracusarum oppugnatio ad finem venit,
id. 25, 23, 1.—In a very few instances the imperf. indic. occurs without apparent reason: an vero cum honos agebatur familiae vestrae... succensuit [p. 494] pater tuus cum Sullam defenderent (probably to distinguish the two cum clauses), Cic. Sull. 17, 49 (cf.:cum jus amicitiae, societatis, adfinitatis ageretur, cum, etc., eo tempore tu non modo non... retulisti, sed ne ipse quidem, etc.,
id. Quint. 16, 53):ille versus, qui in te erat collatus cum aedilitatem petebas,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8:cum ex oppido exportabatur (Dianae statua) quem conventum mulierum factum esse arbitramini?... Quid hoc tota Sicilia est clarius quam omnes convenisse cum Diana exportaretur ex oppido? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77.—Poets and post-class. writers frequently disregard the class. usage, the former by using either mood instead of the other, the latter by the un-Ciceronian use of the subj.; v. Prop. 2, 9, 15; 5 (4), 4, 10; Tib. 1, 10, 16; Verg. A. 7, 148; 12, 735; Mart. 13, 122; Curt. 8, 12, 16; 9, 2, 24; Quint. 11, 1, 89; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46; Dig. 28, 1, 22, § 1; Gell. strangely uses an imperf. indic. where class. writers would use a subj.:sed ego, homines cum considerabam, alterum fidei, alterum probri plenum, nequaquam adduci potui ad absolvendum,
Gell. 14, 2, 10; cf.:cum secum reputavit,
Tac. A. 15, 54.In adverbial clauses denoting identity of action (if the principal sentence and the clause with cum denote not different actions, but one action, which, expressed by the latter clause, is by the principal sentence defined in its meaning and import, the clause with cum always takes the indic., except once or twice post-class., and almost always the same tense as the principal sentence), when, by, in, etc.1.The predicate in present:2.amice facis Quom me laudas,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 31; id. Poen. 3, 2, 12; 3, 5, 15; Ter. And. prol. 18; id. Ad. 1, 2, 16 et saep.:bene facitis cum venitis,
Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; 21, 58; id. Clu. 47, 132; Liv. 25, 6, 5 et saep.—With fut. (rare):3.cum igitur proferent aliquid hujusmodi... inventum proferent,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 75; id. Fl. 39, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 9.—With fut. perf. (rare):4.quod cum dederis, illud dederis ut is absolvatur,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 23; id. Lig. 12, 36; id. Part. Or. 39; Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41.—With perf.:5.fecisti furtum quom istaec flagitia me celavisti et patrem,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 60; 1, 2, 52; id. Cas. 4, 4, 18 (22); id. Capt. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Phorm. prol. 32 et saep.:loco ille motus est cum ex urbe est depulsus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2; id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39; Liv. 5, 49, 8; 9, 8, 4; Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 1; Curt. 6, 10, 9; Quint. 1, 10, 47 et saep.—With histor. pres.:6.Orestes cum se defendit, in matrem confert crimen,
Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25.—With imperf.:7.cum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adulescentiae temeritatem verebantur,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47; 14, 10, 28; id. Fl. 33, 83; id. Lig. 6, 18; id. Fam. 6, 1, 3; id. Off. 3, 10, 40; id. Sen. 6, 15 et saep.—Imperf. with perf. ( poet. and post-class.;8.very rare): quid quod et ominibus certis prohibebar amori Indulgere meo, tum cum mihi ferre jubenti Excidit et fecit spes nostras cera caducas,
Ov. M. 9, 595 sq.; Val. Max. 9, 1, 5.—With pluperf. (very rare):* 9.exspectationem nobis non parvam attuleras cum scripseras, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; id. Sest. 16, 37.—Pluperf. and imperf.:10.quod quidem tibi ostenderam cum a me Capuam reiciebam,
Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5.—Imperf. subj. (post-class.):11.tunc venena edebat bibebatque, cum immensis epulis non delectaretur tantum, sed gloriaretur,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 10.—Often relatively added to nouns when a relative clause must be supplied:E.illa scelera... cum ejus domum evertisti, cujus, etc.,
which you committed when (by), Cic. Pis. 34, 83; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33; Liv. 5, 3, 4; 23, 9, 11; 29, 17, 9.In relative clauses, = quo tempore, quo, etc.1.Dependent on nouns designating time, the mood follows the general rules of relative clauses.a.The principal sentence is a formal statement of indefinite time, with the copula (tempus fuit cum, or fuit cum, analogous to sunt qui, etc.); generally with subj., but sometimes indic., when sunt qui would take this mood.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.: nunc est profecto (i. e. tempus), interfici quom perpeti me possum (the ante-class. writers construe sunt qui with indic.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 3; id. And. 1, 1, 125:(β).jam aderit tempus quom sese etiam ipse oderit,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 12; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 28.—With pres. subj.: nunc est ille dies quom gloria maxima sese nobis ostendat, si vivimus, sive morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. 10, p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 383 Vahl.); so Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 1:(γ).erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando dies cum... amicissimi benevolentiam desideres,
Cic. Mil. 25, 69; Val. Max. 6, 2, 9.—With preterites, indic., Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 29:(δ).fuit quoddam tempus cum in agris homines bestiarum more vagabantur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2 (cf.:fuerunt alia genera qui... dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62):fuit cum hoc dici poterat (potuisset would be hypothetical),
Liv. 7, 32, 13.—With preterites, subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 1:b.quod fuit tempus cum rura colerent homines,
Varr. R. R. 3, 1:ac fuit cum mihi quoque initium requiescendi concessum arbitrarer,
Cic. Or. 1, 1, 1; so id. Brut. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 6, 24.—Attributively with nouns denoting time (tempus, dies, etc.), in ordinary sentences.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.:(β).incidunt saepe tempora cum ea commutantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:longum illud tempus cum non ero, etc.,
id. Att. 12, 8, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Quint. 2, 8; id. Sen. 23, 84.—With potential subj., Cic. Att. 3, 3.—With past tenses, indic., Plaut. Am. prol. 91; id. rud. 2, 6, 12; Ter. And. 5, 3, 12:(γ).atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat,
Cic. Lig. 7, 20:memini noctis illius cum... pollicebar,
id. Planc. 42, 101; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; 2, 35, 88; id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; id. Sest. 7, 15; 29, 62; id. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 11, 8, 1; 11, 27, 3; id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; Sall. J. 31, 20; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 6; Prop. 1, 10, 5; 1, 22, 5; Gell. 1, 23, 2 et saep.—So with nouns implying time:illa pugna quom, etc. ( = in qua),
Plaut. Poen. 2, 26;Marcellino Consule, cum ego... putabam ( = anno Marcellini, quo, etc.),
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4:patrum nostrorum memoria cum exercitus videbatur ( = tempore quo),
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 6, 40, 17.—With preterites in subj., Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:c.accepit enim agrum iis temporibus cum jacerent pretia praediorum,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; so id. Off. 2, 19, 65:numerandus est ille annus cum obmutuisset senatus?
id. Pis. 12, 26; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; id. Rep. 2, 37, 62; id. Font. 3, 6; Liv. 3, 65, 8:haec scripsi postridie ejus diei cum castra haberem Mopsuhestiae (cf. habebam, as epistolary tense),
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 10.—If the clause does not define the noun, but is a co-ordinate designation of time, it follows the rule of adverbial clauses:eodem anno, cum omnia infida Romanis essent, Capuae quoque conjurationes factae,
while, Liv. 9, 26, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; Liv. 8, 15, 1; 1, 41, 6.—Appositively added to temporal adverbs and to dates (heri, hodie, medius, tertius, olim, antea, quondam, nuper, olim, postea) following the rules of adverbial clauses:2.Crassus hodie, cum vos non adessetis, posuit idem, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 41:omnia quae a te nudius tertius dicta sunt, cum docere velles, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 7, 18; id. Sest. 48, 103; id. Att. 4, 3, 2; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Caes. B. C. 2, 17 et saep.—So with dates (always subj.. except with cum haec scribebam, or dabam):posteaquam Pompeius apud populum ad VIII. Id. Febr., cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convicioque jactatus est,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1; 3, 3, 1; 3, 4, 1; 4, 2, 1; id. Att. 14, 19, 1.—The principal sentence defines a period of time during which the action of the clause has or had lasted, always with indic., and after the words defining the period, = per quod tempus, when, that, during which, while, etc.a.With pres., = Engl. pres. perf.(α).With cardinal, definite or indefinite. (1) Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).hanc domum Jam multos annos est quom possideo,
that I have been the owner, Plaut. Aul. prol. 4; cf. id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—(2) Time in nom.:anni sunt octo cum ista causa in ista meditatione versatur,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; id. Or. 51, 171; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1; id. Div. 2, 36, 76.—With ordinals:(γ).vigesimus annus est, cum omnes scelerati me unum petunt,
Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Verg. A. 5, 627; 3, 646.—With diu:b.jam diu'st quom ventri victum non datis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146; Gell. 1, 25, 12.—Perf. with negation, the principal predicate in pres. or logical perf., = Engl. pres. perf.:c.quia septem menses sunt quom in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 39; id. Men. 3, 1, 3; Prop. 3, 8, 33 (2, 16, 33. —With pluperf., the principal predicate in imperf.:d.permulti jam anni erant cum inter patricios magistratus tribunosque nulla certamina fuerant,
Liv. 9, 33, 3.—With imperf., the principal predicate in perf. or pluperf.:3.dies triginta aut plus in ea navi fui, Quom interea semper mortem exspectabam miser,
Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 7:unus et alter dies intercesserat, cum res parum certa videbatur,
Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—The principal sentence specifying a period of time which has or had elapsed since the action took place, = ex ejus tempore, since or after, always with indic.; the principal predicate pres. or logical perf., cum with perf. indic.a.With cardinals.(α).Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).annos factum'st sedecim Quom conspicatus est primo crepusculo Puellam exponi,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so probably id. Pers. 1, 3, 57; id. Trin. 2, 4, 1; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—With nom.:b.nondum centum et decem anni sunt cum de pecuniis repetundis lata lex est,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75; id. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 9, 11, A, 2.—With diu or dudum:c.nam illi quidem haut sane diu'st quom dentes exciderunt,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 42; id. As. 2, 1, 3; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3.—Peculiarly, cum referring to an action which was to be done after a period of time, before, at the end of which:4.omnino biduum supererat cum exercitui frumentum metiri oporteret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23. —In inverted clauses, the principal sentence determining the time of the clause, cum ( = quo tempore) having the force of a relative; cum with the indic. always following the principal sentence; never in oblique discourse; very freq. in class. and post-class. writings (ante-class. only Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 3; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40; id. Eun. 4, 2, 5); principal sentence often with jam, vix, vixdum, nondum, tantum quod, and commodum; cum often with subito, repente, sometimes interim, tamen, etiamtum.a.Principal sentence defining time by temporal expressions.(α).Principal sentence with pluperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(β).dies nondum decem intercesserant cum ille alter filius necatur,
Cic. Clu. 9, 28; id. Verr. 1, 2, 36; id. Or. 2, 21, 89; Ov. M. 9, 715; Plin. Pan. 91, 1.—(2) Cum with histor. inf., Sall. J. 98, 2.—Principal sentence with imperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).nondum lucebat cum Ameriae scitum est,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; Liv. 21, 59, 5; 41, 26, 2; 22, 1, 1; 9, 33, 3; 9, 37, 5; Verg. G. 2, 340; Curt. 4, 3, 16; 5, 12, 6 al.—(2) Cum with imperf., Curt. 6, 7, 1.—Principal sentence with perf., cum with perf.:b.dies haud multi intercesserunt cum ex Leontinis praesidium... venerunt,
Liv. 24, 29, 1; 40, 48, 4.—Principal sentence not containing expressions of time; most freq. with pluperf. or imperf. in principal sentence, and perf. or histor. pres. in clause with cum, but (far more rarely) many other combinations occur.(α).Principal sentence with imperf., cum with perf.:(β).non dubitabat Minucius quin, etc., cum repente jubetur dicere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 29, § 72:jamque hoc facere noctu adparabant cum matres familiae repente... procucurrerunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Liv. 1, 36, 1 (57 times); Verg. A. 1, 36 (26 times); Vell. 2, 28, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 18, 3; Tac. A. 3, 1 (31 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (19 times); Plin. Ep. 6, 24, 2.—Principal sentence with pluperf., cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).jam Sora capta erat cum consules prima luce advenere,
Liv. 9, 24, 13 (32 times); Cic. Clu. 9, 28 (14 times); Sall. J. 60, 6; Verg. A. 1, 586 (13 times); Tac. A. 1, 19 (13 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (18 times). —And cum with potential subj.:vix erat hoc plane imperatum cum illum spoliatum... videres,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86.—Principal sentence with perf., Cic. Sest. 37, 39 (5 times); Liv. 2, 46, 3 (8 times).—(δ).Principal sentence with histor. inf., Liv. 5, 46, 1; Tac. A. 1, 11; 11, 16; Curt. 5, 9, 1; 9, 5, 1.—(ε).Principal sentence with histor. pres., Liv. 4, 32, 1 (3 times); Ov. M. 4, 695 (5 times).—(ζ).Cum with imperf., Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17 (3 times); Sall. J. 51, 2; Liv. 44, 10, 6; Tac. A. 1, 51; 11, 26.—(η).Cum with [p. 495] histor. inf., Liv. 2, 27, 1; Tac. A. 2, 31 (6 times); Curt. 4, 4, 9.—(θ).Cum with pluperf., Liv. 2, 46, 3 (3 times); Ov. M. 14, 581; Verg. A. 2, 256 sq.—(κ).With logical perf., or logical perf. and pres. (rare):5.quam multi enim jam oratores commemorati sunt... cum tamen spisse ad Antonium Crassumque pervenimus,
Cic. Brut. 36, 138:jamque fuga timidum caput abdidit alte (coluber), Cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,
Verg. G. 3, 422.—In clauses added loosely or parenthetically to a preceding clause or to a substantive in it (the mood governed by the rules for relative clauses).a.When, on an occasion, on which, etc.(α).With perf. indic.:(β).Hortensium maxime probavi pro Messala dicentem, cum tu abfuisti,
Cic. Brut. 96, 328; id. Phil. 11, 8, 18; id. Dom. 9, 22; 53, 136; id. Fam. 13, 75, 1; Spart. Had. 3; Flor. 1, 18, 9 (1, 13, 19).—With imperf. indic.:(γ).num infitiari potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis circumclusum commovere te non potuisse, cum tu nostra... caede contentum esse dicebas?
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7; id. Sest. 63, 131; id. Cael. 24, 59.—Cum with pres. indic., a past tense in principal sentence (mostly poet.):(δ).nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem Corpora... cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, Cum tacet omnis ager, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 522; 8, 407; 12, 114; id. E. 8, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 31; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 22.—Imperf. subj.: qui... accensi nulla deinde vi sustineri potuere, cum compulsi in castra Romani rursus obsiderentur, in consequence of which ( = ita ut), Liv. 3, 5, 8.—(ε).So freq. cum quidem, always with indic.:b.sed uterque noster cedere cogebatur, cum quidem ille pollicitus est, se quod velletis esse facturum,
Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Fl. 22, 53; id. Pis. 9, 21; 34, 83 and 84; id. Leg. 2, 6, 14; id. Sen. 4, 11; Suet. Caes. 50; Spart. Had. 9; id. Ael. Ver. 4.—Cum tamen, at which time however, and yet, while nevertheless, representing the principal sentence as concessive, analogous to qui tamen (v. tamen).(α).With indic., like qui tamen, always, except for particular reasons:(β).fit gemitus omnium et clamor, cum tamen a praesenti supplicio tuo continuit populus Romanus se, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 29, § 74; id. Pis. 12, 27; Liv. 6, 42, 11; Verg. A. 9, 513; Tac. H. 1, 62; so,cum nihilo magis,
Nep. Dat. 10, 3; passing over into inverted cum clauses (4. b.), as Sall. J. 98, 2; Liv. 27, 20, 11.—With subj., Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; Liv. 4, 31, 6 (where the clause with cum is adverbial).—6.Cum interea (interim).a.Adverbial (rare).(α).Temporal with subj.; with subj. imperf., while, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62; with pluperf. subj., after, id. ib. 1, 2, 9, § 25; id. Fam. 15, 43.—(β).Adversative, with subj., whereas during this time. (1) Pres.:b.simulat se eorum praesidio conflteri, cum interea aliud quiddam jam diu machinetur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15; Val. Max. 2, 9, 1; Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 14.—(2) With perf. subj.:cum tu interim vero numquam significaris sententiam tuam,
Cic. Pis. 4, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11 dub.; Val. Max. 7, 8, 6.—(3) With imperf. subj., Cic. Sull. 5, 6; Plin. Pan. 76, 1.—Relative, always with indic., in class. writings always referring to a period during which, belonging,(α).To the attributive clauses (v. 2. supra). (1) In pres.:(β).anni sunt octo... cum interea Cluentianae pecuniae vestigium nullum invenitis,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; Liv. 5, 54, 5; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 33.— (2) In imperf., Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 8 (2. c.).—To the inverted clauses (4.):(γ).tanta erat in his locis multitudo cum interim Rufio noster... hominem percussit,
Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2.—So probably: cum interim Gallus quidam processit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 5; id. Pis. 38, 92 sq.; id. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Sall. J. 12, 5; 49, 4; Liv. 3, 37, 5; Val. Max. 8, 1, 3; 9, 7, 2; Sen. Ira, 2, 33, 4; Tac. H. 1, 60; with indefinite pres. indic. in both terms, Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5.—To the additional clauses (5.). (1) With perf. indic., Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 3; Flor. 4, 2, 69; 4, 12, 33; with inf. in oblique discourse, Liv. 4, 51, 4; 6, 27, 6.—(2) Post-Aug., and in Nep., = cum tamen (5. b.), while nevertheless, whereas, with pres. or perf. indic.:F.post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se numquam refecerunt... cum interim Agesilaus non destitit patriam juvare,
Nep. Ages. 7, 1: cum interim Oedipodis ossa... colis, Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3; 3, 4, 5; 4, 4, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 18; 10, 1, 11; 12, 10, 67; Tac. H. 4, 42; Suet. Claud. 6; Flor. 4, 12, 33.In clauses completing the idea of the governing verb.1.After verbs of perception (videre, perspicere, audire, etc.; audivi cum diceres, etc. = audivi te dicentem).a.Dependent on verbs of seeing and feeling.(α).With indic.:(β).nam ipsi vident eorum quom auferimus bona ( = nos auferre or auferentes),
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 16; id. Poen. 3, 4, 13; id. Am. 5, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65; id. Mil. 2, 6, 26:conspectum est cum obiit,
Liv. 5, 25, 3.—With subj.:b.is... numquam est conspectus cum veniret,
Cic. Sest. 59, 126:vidi... Cum tu terga dares,
Ov. M. 13, 224.—After verbs of hearing, always with subj.:c.L. Flaccum ego audivi cum diceret Caeciliam exisse, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104; id. Par. 6, 1, 45; id. de Or. 2, 6, 22; 2, 28, 129; 2, 33, 144; 2, 37, 155; 2, 90, 365; id. Brut. 27, 85; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. Fam. 3, 7, 4; Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After memini, with indic. (sc. tempus):2.memini quom... haud audebat,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:memini cum mihi desipere videbare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1.—With subj.:memini cum velles residere ferventissimo sole,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After verba adfectuum, with the force of quod, always with indic. (mostly ante-class.).a.Verbs of thanking:b.habeo gratiam tibi Quom copiam istam mi et potestatem facis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Curc. 5, 3, 21; id. As. 3, 2, 2; id. Most. 2, 2, 2; id. Poen. 1, 2, 46; 5, 4, 84 (99); Ter. And. 4, 4, 32; id. Ad. 1, 2, 59:tibi maximas gratias ago, cum tantum litterae meae potuerunt, ut eis lectis, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24, 2.—Of congratulation:c.quom tu's aucta liberis... gratulor,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35: L. Caesar, O mi Cicero, inquit, gratulor tibi cum tantum vales apud Dolabellam, etc., L. Caesar ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 3; and ib. Att. 14, 17, A, 3.—Of rejoicing and grieving:d.quom istaec res tibi ex sententia Pulcre evenit, gaudeo,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 10; id. Poen. 5, 5, 48:cum vero in C. Matii familiaritatem venisti, non dici potest quam valde gaudeam,
Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; Sall. J. 102, 5.—Dependent on optative sentences:G.di tibi bene faciant semper quom advocatus bene mi ades,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 19.Elliptical usages (without predicate).1.Cum maxime.a.With ut: hanc Bacchidem Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus ( = ut amabat tum quom maxume amabat, as much as he ever did), Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40:b.etiamne ea neglegamus, quae fiunt cum maxime, quae videmus?
Cic. Har. Resp. 15, 32.—Hence,By abbreviation: nunc cum maxime or cum maxime alone, now especially, just now: tum cum maxime, just then:2.nunc cum maxume operis aliquid facere credo,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 2; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 40:quae multos jam annos et nunc cum maxime filium interfectum cupit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12:castra amissa, et tum cum maxime ardere,
Liv. 40, 32, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 17; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3; id. Ben. 3, 3, 3; id. Ep. 55, 1; 55, 11; 81, 7; Tac. Or. 16; 37; Eum. pro Schol. 4; Mamert. 2.—With maxime in adverbial clauses, just while, especially when, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 3; id. Off. 1, 13, 41; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 1, 50, 7; 2, 59, 7; 3, 25, 4; 3, 31, 3; 4, 3, 1; 8, 33, 4 et saep.—Similarly with other superlatives (post-class.):H.foliis ternis, aut, cum plurimum, quaternis,
at the utmost, Plin. 25, 10, 74, § 121; 18, 7, 10, § 60:cum tardissime,
id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:cum longissime,
Suet. Tib. 38.For co-ordinate clauses with cum... tum, v. tum, I. A. 3.II.Causal, since, because, as.A.Anteclass., chiefly with indic.1.With pres. indic.:2.hoc hic quidem homines tam brevem vitam colunt, Quom hasce herbas hujus modi in suom alvom congerunt,
because, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; id. Truc. 1, 2, 50; 2, 4, 8:edepol, merito esse iratum arbitror, Quom apud te tam parva'st ei fides,
since, id. Ps. 1, 5, 62; id. Most. 1, 1, 28; id. Truc. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 30; id. Hec. 4, 1, 53.—With perf. indic.:3.praesertim quom is me dignum quoi concrederet Habuit, me habere honorem ejus ingenio decet,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 66; Ter. And. 3, 2, 8.—With subj.a.By construction of principal sentence: adeon, me fuisse fungum ut qui illi crederem, Quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Clamaret, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; id. Capt. 1, 2, 37; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6; id. Eun. 3, 5, 18; 5, 2, 24.—b.Independent of such construction:B.jam istoc probior es meo quidem animo quom in amore temperes,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8 (bracketed by Goetz;Brix conjectures temperas): nil miror si lubenter tu hic eras, Quom ego servos quando aspicio hunc lacrumem quia dijungimur,
id. Mil. 4, 8, 18 Lorenz (Brix: quin ego... lacrumo; cf.Lubbert, Grammat. Stud. II. pp. 133, 137): Nam puerum injussu eredo non tollent meo, Praesertim in ea re quom sit mi adjutrix socrus,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 82; so id. Ad. 2, 1, 12.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum ista sis auctoritate, non debes arripere maledictum ex trivio,
Cic. Mur. 6, 13:cum vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 66:quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.,
id. Clu. 44, 123:quod cum ita sit, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; id. Mur. 1, 2; id. Arch. 5, 10; id. Off. 3, 3, 13; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 9, 5; 21, 21, 5 et saep.—With perf. subj.:3.cum inimicitiae fuerint numquam, opinio injuriae beneficiis sit exstincta... rei publicae providebo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; id. de Or. 1, 49, 214; the perf. subj. is often retained after a principal predicate in a past tense, id. Clu. 60, 167; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4.—With imperf. subj.a.Denoting both cause and coincidence of time:b.vacuum fundum, cum ego adessem, possidere non potuisti,
Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; Cic. Or. 8, 25:cum tanta multitudo lapides et tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6; id. B. C. 3, 1; Liv. 39, 31, 3; 4, 8, 3; 25, 11, 1.—Denoting cause without time:4.cum esset egens, sumptuosus, audax... ad omnem fraudem versare suam mentem coepit,
Cic. Clu. 26, 70:quod oppidum cum esset altissimo et munitissimo loco, ad existimationem imperii arbitratus sum, comprimere eorum audaciam,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Caes. B. C. 3, 37.—With pluperf. subj.:C.Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, neque multum aestatis superesset, obsides imperat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 22.With adverbs of emphasis.1.Praesertim cum, or cum praesertim, = especially since, the more so because:2.quae cum ita sint, quid est quod de ejus civitate dubitetis, praesertim cum aliis quoque civitatibus fuerit adscriptus?
Cic. Arch. 5, 10:cur enim tibi hoc non gratificor nescio, praesertim cum his temporibus audacia pro sapientia liceat uti,
id. Fam. 1, 10, 1:cum praesertim vos alium miseritis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16 (cum praesertim rarely refers to time, with indic., Sen. Ep. 85, 6).—Quippe cum represents the conclusion as selfevident, since of course, since obviously:3.nihil est virtute amabilius, quippe cum propter virtutem etiam eos, quos numquam videmus, quodammodo diligamus,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28:numquam ego pecunias istorum, etc., in bonis rebus duxi, quippe cum viderem, etc.,
id. Par. 1, 1, 6; id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; 1, 20, 54; id. Fin. 3, 12, 41; 5, 28, 84; Liv. 4, 27, 8; 4, 57, 10.—Sometimes with indic. if cum refers to time, when of course, if, of course: tu vero etiam si reprehenderes... laetarer: quippe cum in reprehensione est prudentia cum eumeneiai, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 2.—In later writers with indic., because when:omnia experiri necessitas cogebat: quippe cum primas spes fortuna destituit, futura praesentibus videntur esse potiora,
Curt. 4, 1, 29.—Utpote cum, seeing that, explanatory, with subj.:III.me incommoda valetudo qua jam emerseram, utpote cum sine febri laborassem, tenebat Brundusii,
Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1; Cels. 1 prooem.; Sen. Cons. Marc. 21, 2.Adversative, while, whereas, denoting a logical contrast with the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., chiefly,1.With indic.:2.hei mihi, insanire me aiunt, ultro quom ipsi insaniunt,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; id. Stich. 1, 37; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 5; Ter. Phorm. prol. 23; 2, 2, 26.—Subj.a.By construction of principal predicate:b.tibi obtemperem quom tu mihi nequeas?
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 16 (4, 1, 50).—Independent of construction: edepol, Cupido, quom tam pausillus sis, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. p. 421, 25 (Lubbert conjectures quom [p. 496] tu's tam pausillus):B.eo vos madefacitis, quom ego sim hic siccus?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum de bonis et de caede agatur, testimonium dicturus est is qui et sector est et sicarius,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 103; id. Clu. 24, 65; id. Leg. 1, 7, 22:et cum tibi, viro, liceat purpura in veste stragula uti, matrem familias tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines?
Liv. 34, 7, 3; Sen. Prov. 4, 10; id. Clem. 1, 18, 2; id. Ben. 2, 16, 1.—With perf. subj.: an tu, cum omnem auctoritatem universi ordinis pro pignore putaris, eamque... concideris, me his existimas pignoribus terreri? Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:3.indignatur exul aliquid sibi deesse, cum defuerit Scipioni dos?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 12, 7; id. Ira, 3, 12, 7; freq. pres. and perf. subj. retained, if dependent on preterites, Cic. Brut. 71, 250; id. Agr. 3, 2, 5.—With imperf. subj.:4.ita, cum maximis eum rebus liberares, perparvam amicitiae culpam relinquebas,
Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:hunc Egnatium censores, cum patrem eicerent, retinuerunt,
id. Clu. 48, 135:eorum erat V. milium numerus, cum ipsi non amplius octingentos equites haberent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 11; Liv. 1, 55, 3; Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 1; 1, 53, 227; 2, 50, 203; id. Clu. 5, 12; id. Ac. 1, 10, 38 sq.; Liv. 39, 49, 1; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; 3, 2, 10 fin. —With pluperf. subj.:IV.Socratis ingenium immortalitati scriptis suis Plato tradidit, cum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 60; id. Ac. 2, 1, 2; id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; Val. Max. 1, 8, 11.Concessive, although, denoting a reason for the contrary of the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., mostly with indic.1.Indic.:2.qui it lavatum In balineas, quom ibi sedulo sua vestimenta servat, Tam subripiuntur,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26; id. Truc. 1, 2, 89 (95); id. Stich. 1, 2, 67.—With subj.: nihilominus ipsi lucet, quom illi accenderit, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. Rel. v. 389 Rib.).B.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.Pres. subj.:2.testis est Graecia, quae cum eloquentiae studio sit incensa, jamdiuque excellat in ea... tamen omnis artis vetustiores habet,
Cic. Brut. 7, 26:nam (Druentia) cum aquae vim vehat ingentem, non tamen navium patiens est,
Liv. 21, 31, 11.—Imperf. subj.:3.ego autem, cum consilium tuum probarem, et idem ipse sentirem, nihil proficiebam,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non poterant tamen, cum cuperent, Apronium imitari,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78; id. de Or. 1, 28, 126; id. Brut. 7, 28; 91, 314; id. Inv. 2, 31, 97; id. Clu. 40, 110; Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Liv. 5, 38, 5; Nep. Att. 13, 1; so,quae cum ita essent... tamen,
although this was so, Cic. Clu. 34, 94; id. Fam. 2, 16, 2.—With pluperf. subj.:V.cui cum Cato et Caninius intercessissent, tamen est perscripta,
Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4:patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, jugulastis,
id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32.In hypothetical clauses, always with imperf. or pluperf. subj., = si, but defining an assumed or fictitious time.1.With imperf. subj.:2.quis ex populo, cum Scaevolam dicentem audiret in ea causa, quicquam politius aut elegantius exspectaret?
Cic. Brut. 55, 194:etiam tum quiesceretis cum rem publicam a facinorosissimis sicariis esse oppressam videretis?
id. Sest. 38, 81; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, §§ 28 and 29.—With pluperf. subj.:quod esset judicium cum de Verris turpissimo comitatu tres recuperatorum nomine adsedissent?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30:mors cum exstinxisset invidiam, res ejus gestae sempiterni nominis glorianiterentur,
id. Balb. 6, 16. -
11 cum
1.cum (archaic form COM, found in an inscr., COM PREIVATVD; in MSS. sometimes quom or quum), prep. with abl. [for skom, Sanscr. root sak, together; cf. sequor, and Gr. koinos, sun], designates in gen. accompaniment, community, connection of one object with another (opp. sine, separatim, etc.), with, together, together with, in connection or company with, along with; sometimes also to be translated and.I.In gen., Plaut. Am. prol. 95:b.qui cum Amphitruone abiit hinc in exercitum,
id. ib. prol. 125:cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano,
Cic. Att. 14, 20, 4:semper ille antea cum uxore, tum sine eā,
id. Mil. 21, 55:quibuscum essem libenter,
id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; cf.:cum quibus in ceteris intellegis afuisse,
id. Sull. 3, 7:si cenas hodie mecum,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 70:vagamur egentes cum conjugibus et liberis,
Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:errare malo cum Platone, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 17, 39:qui unum imperium unumque magistratum cum ipsis habeant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3 et saep.—In an expression of displeasure:B.in' hinc, quo dignus, cum donis tuis Tam lepidis,
Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 9; cf. Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 33; Ter. And. 5, 4, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 73; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 7 al.—In a designation of time with which some action concurs:C.egone abs te abii hinc hodie cum diluculo?
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 121; so,cum primo luci,
id. Cist. 2, 1, 58:cras cum filio cum primo luci ibo hinc,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55; Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112; cf.:cum primā luce,
id. Att. 4, 3, 4; and:cum primo lumine solis,
Verg. A. 7, 130: cum primo mane, Auct. B. Afr. 62: cum mane, Lucil. ap. Diom. p. 372 P:pariter cum ortu solis,
Sall. J. 106, 5:pariter cum occasu solis,
id. ib. 68, 2; cf.:cum sole reliquit,
Verg. A. 3, 568 et saep.:mane cum luci simul,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 31; v. simul: exiit cum nuntio (i. e. at the same time with, etc.), Caes. B. G. 5, 46; cf.: cum his nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit ( = hama toisde), Liv. 1, 32, 10:simul cum dono designavit templo Jovis fines,
id. 1, 10, 5; cf.:et vixisse cum re publicā pariter, et cum illā simul extinctus esse videatur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 10.—In designating the relations, circumstances, way, and manner with which any act is connected, by which it is accompanied, under or in which it takes place, etc., with, in, under, in the midst of, among, to, at: aliquid cum malo suo facere, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 4; cf.:b.cum magnā calamitate et prope pernicie civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 63:cum summā rei publicae salute et cum tuā peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui, etc.,
id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:cum magno provinciae periculo,
Caes. B. G. 1, 10:cum summo probro,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 10: cum summo terrore hominum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 6:cum summā tuā dignitate,
Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61:cum bonā alite,
Cat. 61, 19:ferendum hoc onus est cum labore,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 59:multis cum lacrimis aliquem obsecrare,
amid many tears, Caes. B. G. 1, 20; cf.:hunc ipsum abstulit magno cum gemitu civitatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49:orare cum lacrimis coepere,
Liv. 5, 30, 5:si minus cum curā aut cautelā locus loquendi lectus est,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 6 Ritschl; so,cum curā,
Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 70; Sall. J. 54, 1; Liv. 22, 42, 5 et saep.; cf.:cum summo studio,
Sall. C. 51, 38:cum quanto studio periculoque,
Liv. 8, 25, 12 al.:cum multā venustate et omni sale,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 9:summā cum celeritate ad exercitum rediit,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 52:maximo cum clamore involant,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89:cum clamore,
Liv. 2, 23, 8; 5, 45, 2:cum clamore ac tumultu,
id. 9, 31, 8; cf.:Athenienses cum silentio auditi sunt,
id. 38, 10, 4; 7, 35, 1:illud cum pace agemus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83:cum bonā pace,
Liv. 1, 24, 3; 21, 24, 5:cum bonā gratiā,
Cic. Fat. 4, 7:cum bonā veniā,
Liv. 29, 1, 7; cf.:cum veniā,
Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 104; Quint. 10, 1, 72:cum virtute vivere,
Cic. Fin. 3, 8, 29; cf. id. ib. 2, 11, 34:cum judicio,
Quint. 10, 1, 8:cum firmā memoriā,
id. 5, 10, 54:legata cum fide ac sine calumniā persolvere,
Suet. Calig. 16:spolia in aede... cum sollemni dedicatione dono fixit,
Liv. 4, 20, 3.—Attributively, with subst.:2.et huic proelium cum Tuscis ad Janiculum erat crimini,
Liv. 2, 52, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:frumenti cum summā caritate inopia erat,
id. 2, 12, 1; 2, 5, 2; 7, 29, 3.—Cum eo quod, ut, or ne (in an amplification or limitation), with the circumstance or in the regard that, on or under the condition, with the exception, that, etc. (except once in Cic. epistt. not ante-Aug.).(α).Cum eo quod, with indic., Quint. 12, 10, 47 Spald.; 10, 7, 13; so,(β).cum eo quidem, quod, etc.,
id. 2, 4, 30. —With subj.:sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis: sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 7.—With ut:(γ).Antium nova colonia missa cum eo, ut Antiatibus permitteretur, si et ipsi adscribi coloni vellent,
Liv. 8, 14, 8; so id. 8, 14, 2; 30, 10, 21; 36, 5, 3; Cels. 3, 22.—So with tamen:cum eo tamen, ut nullo tempore is... non sit sustinendus,
Cels. 3, 5 fin.; 4, 6 fin. —With ne:3.obsequar voluntati tuae cum eo, ne dubites, etc.,
Col. 5, 1, 4:cum eo, ne amplius quam has urant,
Cels. 7, 22; and with tamen:cum eo tamen, ne, etc.,
id. 2, 17.—Cum dis volentibus, etc., with God's help, by the will of the gods, sun theôi:4.cum divis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi, Mani, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 141, 1: volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38:agite, cum dis bene juvantibus arma capite,
Liv. 21, 43, 7; so,cum superis,
Claud. Cons. Stil. III. p. 174.—Cum with an ordinal number (cum octavo, cum decimo, etc.) for our - fold, in economical lang., of the multiplication of cultivated products:D.ut ex eodem semine aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo,
ten-, fifteenfold, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, 1; so,cum octavo, cum decimo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:cum centesimo,
Plin. 18, 10, 21, § 95; cf. with a subst.:cum centesimā fruge agricolis faenus reddente terrā,
id. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—With a means or instrument, considered as attending or accompanying the actor in his action (so most freq. anteclass., or in the poets and scientific writers): acribus inter se cum armis confligere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 261, 6: effundit voces proprio cum pectore, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 424: cum voce maximā conclamat, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 10:II.cum linguā lingere,
Cat. 98, 3:cum suo gurgite accepit venientem (fluvius),
Verg. A. 9, 816:cum vino et oleo ungere,
Veg. 1, 11, 8 et saep.:terra in Augurum libris scripta cum R uno,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 21 Müll.In partic.A.Completing the meaning of verbs.1.With verbs of union, connection, and agreement: cum veteribus copiis se conjungere, Caes. B. G. 1, 37:2.ut proprie cohaereat cum narratione,
Auct. Her. 1, 7, 11:(haec) arbitror mihi constare cum ceteris scriptoribus,
id. 1, 9, 16:interfectam esse... convenit mihi cum adversariis,
id. 1, 10, 17; cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 22, 31:quī autem poterat in gratiam redire cum Oppianico Cluentius?
id. Clu. 31, 86:hanc sententiam cum virtute congruere semper,
id. Off. 3, 3, 13:foedera quibus etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,
id. ib. 3, 31, 111:capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant,
Liv. 1, 52, 4:cum aliquo in gratiam redire,
id. 3, 58, 4:stabat cum eo senatūs majestas,
id. 8, 34, 1:conjurasse cum Pausaniā,
Curt. 7, 1, 6:Autronium secum facere,
Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf. also conecto, colligo, consentio, compono, etc.—Of companionship, association, sharing, etc.:3.cum his me oblecto, qui res gestas aut orationes scripserunt suas,
Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:quoniam vivitur, non cum perfectis hominibus, sed cum iis, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 15, 46:nulla (societas) carior quam ea quae cum re publicā est unicuique nostrum,
id. ib. 1, 17, 51:cum civibus vivere,
id. ib. 1, 34, 124:cum M. Fabio mihi summus usus est,
id. Fam. 9, 25, 2; cf.:cum quibus publice privatimque hospitia amicitiasque junxerant,
Liv. 1, 45, 2:partiri cum Dinaeā matre jussit,
Cic. Clu. 7, 21:cum Baebio communicare,
id. ib. 16, 47; cf.of local association, nearness: cum mortuā jugulatum servum nudum positurum ait,
Liv. 1, 58, 4:duos tamen pudor cum eo tenuit,
id. 2, 10, 5.—Of intercourse, traffic, etc.:4.cum aliquo agere,
to deal with, Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:cum eo Accius injuriarum agit,
Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:si par est agere cum civibus,
Cic. Off. 2, 23, 83; 3, 22, 88; id. Scaur. 10, 20; cf. id. Fam. 5, 18, 1; Liv. 1, 19, 7; 3, 9, 13; 4, 15, 2; Val. Max. 4, 3, 8:si mihi cum Peripateticis res esset,
Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112:tecum enim mihi res est,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84:uni tibi et cum singulis res est,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:pacem cum Sabinis facere,
Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109.—Esp.: agere cum aliquo, to have a lawsuit with, Gai Inst. 4, 87; 4, 114 et saep.; v. ago, II. B. 8. a., and II. B. 9.; consisto, I. B. 5.; cf. also pango, etc.—Of deliberation and discussion:5.haec ego cum ipsis philosophis disserebam,
Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 57:tempus cum conjuratis consultando absumunt,
Liv. 2, 4, 3 et saep.; v. also cogito, reputo, dubito, etc.—Of strife, difference, etc.:6.quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1:cum Cleanthe quam multis rebus Chrysippus dissidet!
Cic. Ac. 2, 47, 143:neque tam quererer cum deo quod, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 25, 81:cum quo Antiochum saepe disputantem audiebam,
id. ib. 2, 4, 11:cum stomacheretur cum Metello,
id. Or. 2, 66, 267:manu cum hoste confligere,
id. Off. 1, 23, 81:utilia cum honestis pugnare,
id. ib. 3, 7, 34: cum Catone dissentire. id. ib. 3, 22, 88:cum majoribus nostris bella gessit,
id. Scaur. 19, 45; Liv. 1, 35, 7; 7, 22, 4:cum Auruncis bellum inire,
id. 2, 16, 8; cf.:cum Volscis aequo Marte discessum est,
id. 2, 40, 14:inimicitias cum Africano gerere,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 8; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3:cum Scipione dissentire,
Val. Max. 4, 1, 12:cum utrāque (uxore) divortium fecit,
Suet. Claud. 26; cf. also certo, pugno, discrepo, differo, distraho, dissentio, etc.—Of comparison:B.nec Arcesilae calumnia conferenda est cum Democriti verecundiā,
Cic. Ac. 2, 5, 14:hanc rationem dicendi cum imperatoris laude comparare,
id. de Or. 1, 2, 8:conferam Sullamne cum Junio,
id. Clu. 34, 94:(orationem) cum magnitudine utilitatis comparare,
id. Off. 2, 6, 20.—Pregn., implying the notion of being furnished, endowed, clothed with any thing, or of possessing, holding, suffering under, etc., in a lit. and trop. sense: ille vir haud magnā cum re sed plenus fidei, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (cf. the antith.:C.hominem sine re, sine fide,
Cic. Cael. 32, 78):a portu illuc nunc cum laternā advenit,
Plaut. Am. prol. 149:cadus cum vino,
id. Stich. 5, 1, 7; cf. id. Pers. 2, 3, 15:olla cum aquā,
Cato, R. R. 156:arcula cum ornamentis,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 91:fiscos cum pecuniā Siciliensi,
Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 22:onerariae naves cum commeatu,
Liv. 30, 24, 5 et saep.:cum servili schemā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 117;so of clothing,
id. Rud. 1, 4, 31; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54; 2, 5, 13, § 31; [p. 490] id. Rab. Post. 10, 27; Liv. 35, 34, 7; Suet. Claud. 13; Sil. 1, 94 et saep.:ut ne quis cum telo servus esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 3, § 7;so of weapons,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 19; cf.:inmissi cum falcibus, etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 23, 65:vidi argenteum Cupidinem cum lampade,
holding, id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115:simulacrum Cereris cum faucibus,
id. ib. 2, 4, 49, §109: cum elephanti capite puer natus,
Liv. 27, 11, 5; cf.:cum quinque pedibus natus,
id. 30, 2, 10; 33, 1, 11; 27, 4, 14 al.: omnia cum pulchris animis Romana juventus, Enn. ap. Don. ad Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 1; cf.Ter. ib.: Minucius cum vulnere gravi relatus in castra,
Liv. 9, 44, 14:te Romam venisse cum febri,
Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1; so id. de Or. 3, 2, 6; id. Clu. 62, 175: cum eisdem suis vitiis nobilissimus, with all his faults, i. e. in spite of, id. ib. 40, 112:ex eis qui cum imperio sint,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 3 Manut.; cf.:cum imperio aut magistratu,
Suet. Tib. 12 Bremi; v. imperium.—With idem (never of the identity of two subjects, but freq. of the relation of two subjects to the same object, etc.;D.v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 538): tibi mecum in eodem est pistrino vivendum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144:quandoque tu... omnibus in eisdem flagitiis mecum versatus es,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187:Numidae... in eādem mecum Africā geniti,
Liv. 30, 12, 15; 28, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 2; Val. Max. 6, 5, 3.—In the adverb. phrase, cum primis, with the foremost, i.e. especially, particularly (rare), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 68; id. Brut. 62, 224.—Post-class. also as one word: cumprīmis, Gell. 1, 12, 7 al.► a.Cum in anastrophe. So always with the pers. pron.: mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, etc.; cf. Cic. Or. 45, 154; Prisc. pp. 949 and 988 P.; and in gen. with the rel. pron.:b.quocum (quīcum), quacum, quibuscum, quīcum (for quocum),
Cic. Or. 45, 154; Liv. 38, 9, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 31, §§ 76 and 77; Caes. B. G. 1, 8; Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15; id. Att. 4, 9, 2; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Quint. 8, 6, 65; 10, 5, 7; 11, 2, 38. But where cum is emphatic, or a demonstrative pron. is understood, cum is placed before the rel.; cf.:his de rebus velim cum Pompeio, cum Camillo, cum quibus vobis videbitur, consideretis,
Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3:adhibuit sibi quindecim principes cum quibus causas cognovit,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82; Liv. 1, 45, 2.—Before et... et, connecting two substt.:III.cum et diurno et nocturno metu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66.In compounds the primitive form com was alone in use, and was unchanged before b, p, m: comburo, compono, committo, and a few words beginning with vowels: comes, comitium, and comitor; m was assimilated before r: corripio; often before l: colligo or conligo; rarely before n, as connumero, but usually dropped: conecto, conitor, conubium; with the change of m into n before all the remaining consonants: concutio, condono, confero, congero, conqueror, consumo, contero, convinco; so, conjicio, etc., but more usually conicio; and with the rejection of m before vowels and before h: coarguo, coëo, coinquino, coopto, cohibeo.—B.It designates,1.A being or bringing together of several objects: coëo, colloquor, convivor, etc.: colligo, compono, condo, etc.—2.The completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signif. of the simple word, as in commaculo, commendo, concito, etc., comminuo, concerpo, concido, convello, etc.2.Cum (ante-class. quom; freq. in MSS. of Cicero; the post-class. form quum is incorrectly given in many MSS. and edd.), conj. [pronom. stem ka- or kva- with acc. case ending].I.Of time, when, as, while, sometimes = after, since.A.In adverbial clauses dependent on non-preterite predicates.1.The time designated by cum being indefinite, when, if, whenever, always with indic., except in the instances A. 2.a.Cum with pres. indic., often equivalent to si.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).nam omnes id faciunt quom se amari intellegunt,
Plaut. Truc. prol. 17:facile, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 9; Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 44; id. Poen. 4, 2, 20; id. Truc. 1, 1, 46; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 11:cum semen maturum habet, tum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; 41: quid? tum cum es iratus, permittis illi iracundiae dominationem animi tui? Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59:cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi,
id. Off. 3, 20, 79; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87:quidam vivere tunc incipiunt cum desinendum est,
Sen. Ep. 23, 11.—With principal predicate in fut. (rare):(γ).ad cujus igitur fidem confugiet cum per ejus fidem laeditur cui se commiserit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; id. Leg. 3, 10, 24; id. Fl. 17, 40; Verg. A. 12, 208.—With principal predicate in logical perf. (mostly poet.):b.haud invito ad auris sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom te postputasse omnis res prae parente intellego,
Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 33:qui cum levati morbo videntur, in eum de integro inciderunt,
Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 2:(dolor) Cum furit... Profuit incensos aestus avertere ( = prodest),
Verg. G. 3, 457:nemo non, cum alteri prodest, sibi profuit,
Sen. Ep. 81, 19; Cic. Att. 4, 18, 1; Liv. 8, 8, 11; Verg. A. 9, 435; id. G. 1, 288.—With logical perf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in pres. (very freq.), the perf. translated either by English pres. perf. or by pres.: omnia sunt incerta cum a jure discessum est, when we ( once) disregard the law, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 1:(β).gubernatores cum exultantes loligines viderunt... tempestatem significari putant,
id. Div. 2, 70, 145:cum depulsi sunt agni a matribus, diligentia adhibenda est ne, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17:cum ejus generis copia defecit, ad innocentium supplicia descendunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16, 5:(hostis) cum intravit... modum a captivis non accipit,
Sen. Ira, 1, 8, 2:quia enim, cum prima cognovi, jungere extrema cupio,
Plin. Ep. 7, 10, 1; Cic. Or. 1, 33, 153; id. Div. 2, 26, 56; id. Brut. 24, 93; id. Cat. 4, 6, 12; id. Fam. 6, 3, 3; Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63; Caes. B. G. 4, 33; 5, 21; Liv. 22, 9, 8; 34, 31, 4; Val. Max. 8, 10 prooem.; 9, 6 init.; Sen. Ep. 3, 2; 21, 9; id. Cons. Helv. 13, 2; Curt. 3, 3, 18; Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 60; Quint. 4, 2, 122; 10, 7, 14.—In oblique clauses the perf. indic. may remain, or may be changed into perf. subj., even after preterites, Cic. Off. 1, 28, 26; 2, 20, 69.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.), Ov. P. 1, 5, 47.—(γ).With two logical perff. (rare):c.cum id factum est, tamen grex dominum non mutavit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6:quae cum se disposuit... summum bonum tetigit,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 5; id. Tranq. 17, 11; id. Ben. 1, 1, 5. —With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).ita fere officia reperientur, cum quaeretur, quid deceat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 125; Auct. Her. 2, 7, 10; 2, 12, 17.— So with principal predicate in fut. imper:etiam tum cum verisimile erit aliquem commisisse... latratote,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57, id. Mur. 31, 65; id. Att. 3, 8, 4; Liv. 35, 19, 6.—With principal predicate in pres.:d.in talibus... stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupiditatibus imperabunt,
Cic. Lael. 22, 82; Val. Max. 4, 8 prooem.—With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in pres.:(β).quam (spem), cum in otium venerimus, habere volumus,
Cic. Att. 1, 7:nec irascimur illis cum sessorem recusaverint,
Sen. Const. 12, 3; id. Cons. Marc. 7, 2.—With principal predicate in fut. indic.:(γ).cum haec erunt considerata, statim nostrae legis expositione... utemur,
Auct. Her. 2, 10, 15:cum viderit secari patrem suum filiumve, vir bonus non flebit?
Sen. Ira, 1, 12, 1.—In oblique clauses, dependent on preterites, it is changed to the pluperf. subj.:qui tum demum beatum terrarum orbem futurum praedicavit cum aut sapientes regnare, aut reges sapere coepissent,
Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 4.—With principal predicate in fut. imper.:(δ).cum tempestates pluviae fuerint, videtote quot dies, etc.,
Cato, R. R. 2, 3; 25 init.; 38.—With two fut. perff.:e.cum bene cesserit negotiatio, multum militia retulerit,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 6.—In partic.(α).In definitions with pres, indic.:(β).humile genus est (causae) cum contempta res adfertur,
Auct. Her. 1, 3, 5:purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 11, 15: maxima est capitis deminutio cum aliquis simul et civitatem et libertatem amittit, Gai Inst. 1, 160; Auct. Her. 1, 46; 2, 4, 6; 4, 12, 17; 4, 53, 66 et saep. —Etiam cum (less freq. cum etiam), even when (nearly = etiamsi), always with indic. if dependent on other than preterite predicates. (1) With pres.: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet, quom etiam cavet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:(γ).in quo scelere, etiam cum multae causae convenisse... videntur, tamen non temere creditur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:qui incolunt maritimas urbis, etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen excursant,
id. Rep. 2, 4, 7; Curt. 6, 3, 10; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 6.—(2) With fut.:etiam cum potentes nocere intendent,
Sen. Const. 4, 1. —(3) With fut. perf.:cum etiam plus contenderimus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Sen. Ben. 4, 13, 3.—(4) In oblique clauses with imperf. subj., Cic. Fragm. Tog. Cand. 15.—Anteclass. with indic. in addressing indefinite persons in rules, after imper.:2.sorba in sapa cum vis condere, arida facias,
Cato, R. R. 7 fin. — Always with indic. if a certain person is addressed; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 59 (l. A. 1. a. a supra); id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47.—With subj. referring to indefinite time.a. (α).With pres. subj.:(β).acerbum'st pro benefactis quom mali messim metas,
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 53:quom faciem videas, videtur esse quantivis preti,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 15; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 32; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 38; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7 and 8 et saep.:difficile est tacere cum doleas,
Cic. Sull. 10, 31:etiam interpretatio nominis habet acumen cum ad ridiculum convertas,
id. de Or. 2, 63, 257; 2, 64, 259; 2, 67, 269; 2, 75, 305; 3, 38, 156; Sen. Ep. 75, 4 et saep.—With perf. subj.:b.difficile est cum praestare omnibus concupieris, servare aequitatem,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64:quos (versus) cum cantu spoliaveris, nuda paene remanet oratio,
id. Or. 55, 183; id. Lael. 21, 77; id. Inv. 1, 47, 88; Sall. C. 12, 3; 51, 24; 58, 16.—In the jurists, in a clause exemplifying a general rule: cum ergo ita scriptum sit Heres Titius esto, addicere debemus, Gai Inst. 2, 165; so id. ib. 4, 97; 3, 161; Auct. Her. 4, 31, 42.—c.In the phrase audio cum dicat (I. F. 1, b. infra):d.saepe soleo audire Roscium cum ita dicat se, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 129.—When, after cum, an imperfect or pluperfect is used as a logical tense (post-Aug.): non tulit gratis qui cum rogasset accepit, who has asked for the favor, and, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 1, 4; 2, 3, 1; 2, 13, 2; id. Ep. 86, 8.—e.If the principal predicate is a potential subjunctive, an indefinite clause with a present or future after cum is always in the same mood:3.caveto quom ventus siet aut imber, effodias aut seras,
Cato, R. R. 28:quis tam dissoluto animo est qui, haec cum videat, tacere ac neglegere possit?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 32; id. Planc. 39, 94; id. Clu. 55, 153; id. Inv. 1, 4, 87; 1, 51, 95; Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9; 4, 32, 43.—Of definite time, always with indic. (for exceptions, v. 4. infra), when, if, while (for the distinction between cum and si, cf.:a.formam mihi totius rei publicae, si jam es Romae, aut cum eris, velim mittas,
Cic. Att. 6, 3, 4:quae si prodierit, atque adeo cum prodierit—scio enim proditurum esse—audiet,
id. Rosc. Am. 25, 100:si damnatus eris, atque adeo cum damnatus eris—nam dubitatio quae poterit esse? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; id. Or. 2, 75, 304; Sen. Ep. 83, 10).Cum with pres. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).certe, edepol, quom illum contemplo et formam cognosco meam... nimis simili'st mei,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 288; so id. Poen. 1, 2, 71; id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 45: Py. Ne fle. Ph. Non queo Quom te video, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 14; id. Am. 1, 1, 260; id. Rud. 3, 4, 38:potestne tibi ulla spes salutis ostendi cum recordaris in deos immortalis quam impius... fueris?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 47: cum hoc vereor, et cupio tibi... parcere, rursus immuto voluntatem meam ( = while), id. Rosc. Am. 34, 95; Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 4:equidem cum... recordor, vix aetatem Alexandri suffecturam fuisse reor ad unum bellum,
Liv. 9, 19, 12; Cic. Planc. 12, 29; id. Clu. 10, 29; Liv. 40, 46, 3:quod cum ita est,
if this is so, Quint. 24, 58 (cf.:quodsi ita est,
Cic. Mur. 2, 5); so,often, nunc cum: qui modo nusquam conparebas, nunc quom conpares, peris,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 2; so id. ib. 1, 3, 35; 2, 2, 17; id. As. 1, 2, 18; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 39:nos de injusto rege nihil loquimur, nunc cum de ipsa regali re publica quaerimus,
Cic. Rep. 3, 35, 47; Liv. 44, 39, 7.—So with logical perf. for the pres., Quint. 4, 2, 122.—But Cicero always uses nunc cum with a subj. when the clause, while designating present time, generally [p. 491] in opposition to a former time, implies a reason for the principal action, now that:quodsi tum, cum res publica severitatem desiderabat, vici naturam, etc., nunc cum omnes me causae ad misericordiam... vocent, quanto tandem studio, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 2, 3, 6; id. Fam. 9, 16, 7; id. Font. 15, 35 (25); id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; 17, 50; not found in later writers, except in the Gallic panegyrists, e. g. Eum. Grat. Act. 2 init. —With principal predicate in the logical perf., if (ante-class.):b.Curculio hercle verba mihi dedit quom cogito,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 27:sed tandem, quom recogito, qui potis est scire, haec scire me?
id. Stich. 2, 1, 29; id. Mil. 4, 8, 64.—Cum with logical perf. indic.(α).Principal predicate in pres.:(β).ergo quom optume fecisti, nunc adest occasio Benefacta cumulare,
after doing excellently, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 63: quo etiam major vir habendus est (Numa), cum illam sapientiam constituendae civitatis duobus prope saeculis ante cognovit, quam, etc. ( = siquidem, if he has; seeing that he has), Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154; Verg. A. 9, 249.—With principal predicate in fut. ( poet.):c.at cumst imposta corona, Clamabis capiti vina subisse meo (est imposta = erit imposta),
Prop. 4 (5), 2, 30.—With fut.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).quom videbis tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; id. Am. 3, 3, 15; id. Men. 5, 7, 7; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 82; id. Heaut. prol. 33:sed cum certum sciam faciam te paulo ante certiorem,
Cic. Fam. 9, 23; 3, 11, 3; 12, 30, 5; 14, 3, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 53, 10.—With principal predicate in fut. perf.:(γ).cum tu haec leges, ego jam annuum munus confecero,
Cic. Fam. 2, 12, 1.—With principal predicate in imper. fut.:(δ).mox quom imitabor Sauream, caveto ne succenseas,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 105; id. Mil. 3, 3, 59.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):(ε).cum testes ex Sicilia dabo, quem volet ille eligat,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 48; id. Off. 1, 34, 122; 3, 10, 46; id. Att. 4, 9, 1; 4, 10, 2; 4, 17, 1 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, changed into imperf. subj., Caes. B. C. 2, 40; after other tenses it is either changed into pres. subj. or remains unchanged, Cic. Fam. 1, 56, 2; 1, 7, 4; Sall. C. 58, 8.—d.With fut. perf.(α).With principal predicate in fut.:(β).mox dabo quom ab re divina rediero,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 193; id. Am. 1, 1, 43; 1, 2, 4; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 8:cum haec docuero, tum illud ostendam, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 4, 9; id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 3; id. de Or. 2, 33, 143; 2, 59, 239; id. Att. 3, 23, 5 et saep.—In oblique clauses, after preterites, the fut. perf. is changed into pluperf. subj., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; 28, 78; Liv. 1, 56, 11; 5, 30, 1; after other tenses, and often in oblique oration, it remains unchanged, or is changed into perf. subj., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183; id. Fam. 2, 5, 2 dub.; Liv. 21, 13, 8; 3, 56, 10.—With principal predicate in imper. (almost always fut. imper.):(γ).quod quom dixero, si placuerit, Facitote,
Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 37:cum ego Granium testem produxero, refellito, si poteris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154; id. Marcell. 9, 27; id. Fam. 16, 4, 3; Tac. A. 1, 22.—With pres. imper., Liv. 24, 38, 7.—With principal predicate in subj. (potential):4.quae cum omnia collegeris, tum ipse velim judices satisne videatur,
Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 4; id. Or. 13, 41 dub.—In oblique clauses, after non-preterites, the fut. perf. remains unchanged:oro, ne me hodie, cum isti respondero, putetis, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 5, 10; id. Clu. 2, 6.—With subj. in definite time.a.Sometimes in oblique construction (3. c. e; 3. d. a).—b.Sometimes by attraction:c.curata fac sint quom a foro redeam domum,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 6; 2, 3, 11; id. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. Curc. 2, 2, 3:non admirere cum ego ipse me id ex te primum audisse confitear?
Cic. Planc. 24, 58. —In the semi-causal connection nunc cum, v. 3, a. a fin. supra.B.In adverbial anterior clauses dependent on preterite predicates, the time of the cum clause preceding that of the principal sentence (always with subj., except in the instances mentioned 2.; 3. a; and 5.), when, after.1.With pluperf. subj. (so generally): quom socios nostros mandisset impius Cyclops, Liv. And. Fragm. ap. Prisc. 8, p. 817 (Lubbert conjectures, without sufficient reason, mandit sex): quom saucius multifariam ibi factus esset, tamen volnus capiti nullum evenit, Cato, Orig. ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19:2.portisculus signum cum dare coepisset,
Enn. Ann. v. 234 Vahl.:quom testamento patris partisset bona,
Afran. Com. Rel. v. 50 Rib.: quem quom ibi vidissent Hortensius Postumiusque, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 4, 32; Enn. Ann. v. 241 Vahl.; Turp. Com. Rel. v. 48 Rib.; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 394, 27 (the MSS. reading:quom venisset,
Plaut. As. 2, 3, 15, is corrupt):audivi summos homines cum quaestor ex Macedonia venissem Athenas,
Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 45:haec cum Crassus dixisset, silentium est consecutum,
id. ib. 1, 35, 160:cum Thebani Lacedaemonios bello superavissent... aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,
id. Inv. 2, 23, 69:Dionysius cum fanum Proserpinae Locris expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83:eo cum venisset, animadvertit ad alteram ripam magnas esse copias hostium,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18:Tarquinius et Tullia minor... cum domos vacuas novo matrimonio fecissent, junguntur nuptiis,
Liv. 1, 46, 9 et saep. —With pluperf. indic.a.Ante-class. in place of the class. subj.:b.idem me pridem quom ei advorsum veneram, Facere atriensem voluerat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 28:Quid ais? Quom intellexeras, id consilium capere, quor non dixti extemplo,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 38.—If the pluperfect is a virtual imperfect, designating the time at which the main action took place, the principal predicate being likewise in the pluperfect, when the clause would require an indicative if placed in the imperfect (3. a. a): exspectationem nobis non parvam adtuleras cum scripseras Varronem tibi confirmasse, etc. ( = exspectabam cum legebam; cf. C. 3, a. a, 2.), Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 2, where the cum clause is relative; v. E.: Romae haud minus terroris... erat quam fuerat biennio ante cum castra Punica objecta Romanis moenibus fuerant (C. 3. a. a, 1.), Liv. 27, 44, 1; so id. 5, 28, 1; 26, 40, 17; 44, 10, 1.—c.If the clause indicates that the time of the main action is a period, subsequent to that of the action designated by the pluperfect:3.nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant, scimus Romae, solutione impedita, fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:cum ea consecutus nondum eram... tamen ista vestra nomina numquam sum admiratus,
id. Fam. 3, 7, 5; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Inv. 2, 42, 124; Caes. B. G. 7, 35; Liv. 24, 7, 1 sq.; Nep. Dat. 6, 5; Curt. 9, 10, 12; Verg. A. 5, 42.—If both predicates denote repeated action, the anterior clause with cum has the pluperf. indic. or subj.a.With pluperf. indic.(α).With principal predicate in imperf. indic. (so almost always in Cicero and Caesar; not in the poets, nor in Vell., Val. Max., Tac., Suet., or Plin.), whenever:(β).cum ad aliquod oppidum venerat, eadem lectica usque ad cubiculum deferebatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11, § 27; 2, 1, 46, § 120; 2, 3, 67, § 156; 2, 4, 61, § 137; 2, 5, 10, § 27; id. Fl. 7, 16; 10, 21; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68; id. Or. 32, 113; id. Brut. 24, 93:(Cassi vellaunus) cum equitatus noster se in agros ejecerat, essedarios ex silvis emittebat,
Caes. B. G. 5, 19; 3, 14; 3, 15; 4, 7; 5, 35; 7, 22; id. B. C. 1, 58; Sall. J. 92, 8; 44, 4:cum comminus venerant, gladiis a velitibus trucidabantur,
Liv. 38, 21, 12; Nep. Epam. 3, 6; Sen. Ep. 11, 4; Curt. 3, 10, 8; 3, 10, 11; Quint. 7, 1, 4; Gell. 15, 22, 5; 17, 18, 3; Gai Inst. 4, 15; Pacat. 9.—With principal predicate in perf. indic.:b.Pacuvius qui Syriam usu suam fecit, cum vino... sibi parentaverat,
Sen. Ep. 12, 8; 108, 14.—With pluperf. subj., an imperf. indic. in principal sentence:4.cum fossam latam cubiculari lecto circumdedisset, ejusque transitum... conjunxisset, eum ipse detorquebat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; id. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae... effugiebant, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 2, 41:cum in jus duci debitorem vidissent, undique convolabant,
Liv. 2, 27, 8; 25, 3, 11; 5, 48, 2.—In anterior clauses with imperf. subj.(α).When the principal clause expresses an immediate consequence ( = pluperf. subj.):(β).Demaratus cum audiret dominationem Cypseli confirmari, defugit patriam ( = cum audivisset),
Cic. Rep. 2, 19, 34; Caes. B. G. 5, 17 et saep.—Where both verbs relate to one transaction, especially in remarks and replies:(γ).(Epaminondas) cum gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit salvusne esset clipeus, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97:cum ex eo quaereretur quid esset dolus magnus, respondebat, etc.,
id. Off. 3. 14, 60; id. Or. 2, 69, 278; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70; Liv. 3, 71, 4 et saep.—When the principal action takes place during the action of the dependent clause:5.qui cum unum jam et alterum diem desideraretur, neque in eis locis inveniretur... liberti Asuvii in eum invadunt, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 13, 38.—For the perf. indic. instead of pluperf. subj. v. C. 1. d. infra.C.In adverbial clauses of coincident time dependent on preterites ( = eo tempore quo), the clause with cum designating the time at which or during which the main action took place, when, as, while.[The theory of the use of tenses and moods in these clauses is not fully settled. The older grammarians require the indicative if cum denotes pure time, but the subjunctive if denoting cause or relations similar to cause. Zumpt and others acknowledge that the rule is frequently not observed, attributing this to the predilection of the Latin language for the subjunctive. Recently Hoffmann (Zeitpartikeln der Lateinischen Sprache, 1st ed. 1860; 2d ed. 1873) and Lubbert (Syntax von Quom, 1870) have advanced the theory that cum requires the indicative if denoting absolute time, but the subjunctive if denoting relative time. They define absolute time as time co-ordinate or parallel with, or logically independent of, the time of the principal action, which performs the function of a chronological date for the principal action, and they consider it as a criterion that the clause might have constituted an independent sentence; while relative time is logically subordinate to the principal action. Hoffmann condenses his theory in the following words: cum with indicative names and describes the time at which the action of the principal sentence took place; cum with the subjunctive, on the contrary, designates the point of time at which, or the space of time during which, the action expressed in the principal sentence commenced or ended. The chief objections to this theory are: (1) Its vagueness.—(2) The facts that in many instances cum with the subjunctive clearly dates the main action (C. 3. a. b, 2, and 4.; C. 3. a. 5.; C. 3. b. b, 3. and 5.; C. 3. b. g infra); that many of the subjunctive clauses with cum may be transformed into independent sentences (C. 3. b. b, 2. and 3. infra); that many indicative clauses with cum are logically subordinate to the main action (C. 3. a. a, 2. infra), and that when both moods are used in two co-ordinated clauses with cum belonging to the same main sentence, Hoffmann must account for the difference of the moods by explanations not drawn from his theory (Cic. Agr. 2, 64, 64; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Div. 1, 43, 97; id. Fin. 2, 19, 61; id. de Or. 67, 272; Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Liv. 6, 40, 17; 30, 44, 10).—(3) The impossibility of clearly drawing the line between logical co-ordination and subordination; and the fact that, wherever it is drawn, there will be many passages not accounted for (cf. 1. init. and many passages under C. 3. a. a, 3.; C. 3. a. d; C. 3. b. g, etc.).—(4) That the supposed use of cum with the imperfect indicative is inconsistent with the received doctrine that the imperfect always designates a time relative to another time—a difficulty not satisfactorily met by Hoffman's assumption of an aoristic imperfect.]GENERAL RULE.—The predicate after cum is in the perfect indicative (or historical present) if the action is conceived as a point of time coincident with the time of the main action. It is either in the imperfect indicative or in the imperfect subjunctive if the action is conceived as occupying a period of time within which the main action took place (e. g.:1.quid enim meus frater ab arte adjuvari potuit, cum... furem se videre respondit? Quid in omni oratione Crassus... cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220;where dicebat might stand for diceret, but not responderet for respondit: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, etc.,
Liv. 29, 37, 8; cf.:cum tecum Ephesi collocutus sum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1; and:cum te Puteolis prosequerer,
id. ib. 3, 10, 8: cum primum lex coepta ferri est, Liv 3, 14, 4; and: cum [p. 492] ferretur lex, id. 5, 30, 4;also,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1, and Liv. 3, 58, 7).Both predicates in the perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), both clauses denoting points of time (the principal predicate may be in any verbal form implying a perfect).a.The clause expressing a momentary action:b.posticulum hoc recepit quom aedis vendidit, Flaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157: scilicet qui dudum tecum venit cum pallam mihi Detulisti,
id. Men. 2, 3, 46; prol. 62; id. Poen. 4, 2, 82; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 57; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21 et saep.:non tum cum emisti fundum Tusculanum, in leporario apri fuerunt,
Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 8:in judiciis quanta vis esset didicit cum est absolutus,
Cic. Tog. Cand. Fragm. 4:per tuas statuas vero cum dixit, vehementer risimus,
id. de Or. 2, 59, 242:cum occiditur Sex. Roscius, (servi) ibidem fuerunt,
id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 70; 1, 4, 11; 2, 2, 66, § 160; 2, 3, 47, § 112; id. Caecin. 29, 85; id. Sest. 55, 157; id. Phil. 2, 9, 21; id. Rep. 6, 22, 24; id. Fam. 9, 15, 2; id. Att. 2, 1, 5 et saep.:tunc flesse decuit cum adempta sunt nobis arma,
Liv. 3, 55, 10; 10, 6, 8; 28, 42, 14; 42, 46, 1; Vitr. 2, 8, 12; 2, 1, 7; 2, 9, 15;6, 7, 4: semel dumtaxat vultum mutavit, tunc cum... anulum in profundum dejecit,
Val. Max. 6, 9, 6; 8, 8, ext. 1; 9, 1, ext. 1;9, 8, 1: rerum natura... cum visum est deinde, (filium tuum) repetiit,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 10, 4; 11, 2; id. Q. N. 1, 11, 3; 6, 25, 4:accepimus et serpentem latrasse cum pulsus est regno Tarquinius,
Plin. 8, 41, 63, § 153; 2, 24, 22, § 90; 2, 52, 53, § 139; Suet. Claud. 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 61; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 8; Tib. 3, 5, 18; Mart. 5, 49, 9.—So, cum primum, when first, the first time that, as soon as:jube vinum dari: jam dudum factum'st quom primum bibi,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 40; id. Cas. prol. 17; Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 31; id. And. prol. 1; id. Eun. 3, 3, 4:Pompeius cum primum contionem habuit... ostendit, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 15, 45; id. Fam. 2, 9, 1; Liv. 3, 55, 10; 25, 6, 2; 25, 29, 4; 31, 3, 1; 40, 8, 1; 42, 34, 3; Curt. 6, 11, 23; but with imperf. subj. when referring to a per. of time:ipse cum primum pabuli copia esse inciperet, ad exercitum venit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 2.—In the poets and later writers, the imperf. subj. often occurs where classic prose has the perf. indic.:effice ut idem status sit cum exigis qui fuit cum promitterem,
Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 4:tum lacrimare debueras cum equo calcaria subderes,
Curt. 7, 2, 6; Suet. Claud. 6; Ov. P. 4, 12, 28.—If the clause denotes a state, condition, or action of longer duration, it takes the perf. indic. if asserted as a complete fact without regard to what happened during its progress (virtual point of time):c.in quem Juppiter se convertit cum exportavit per mare... Europen,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 5:ne cum in Sicilia quidem (bellum) fuit... pars ejus belli in Italiam ulla pervasit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6:nempe eo (lituo) Romulus regiones direxit tum cum urbem condidit,
id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 125; id. Lig. 7, 20; id. Rep. 3, 32, 44:non tibi, cum in conspectu Roma fuit, succurrit? etc.,
Liv. 2, 40, 7; 34, 3, 7; Nep. Iphicr. 2, 4; id. Pelop. 4, 3.—With perf. indic., by the time when, before, referring to facts which actually occurred before the action of the principal sentence:d.ab Anaximandro moniti Lacedaemonii sunt ut urbem... linquerent, quod terrae motus instaret, tum cum... urbs tota corruit,
Cic. Div. 1, 50, 112; Liv. 22, 36, 4; 34, 31, 15; Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 53.—With perf. indic. when actions in immediate sequence are represented as coincident:2.ad quem cum accessimus, Appio, subridens, Recipis nos, inquit, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 2:me primus dolor percussit, Cotta cum est expulsus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 303:itaque ne tum quidem cum classem perdidisti, Mamertinis navem imperare ausus es,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59:haec cum facta sunt in concilio, magna spe et laetitia omnium discessum est,
Caes. B. C. 3, 87:cum Thessalos in armis esse nuntiatum est, Ap. Claudium... senatus misit,
Liv. 42, 5, 8:Gracchus cum ex Sardinia rediit, orationem ad populum habuit,
Gell. 15, 12, 1; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2; id. Deiot. 6, 17; id. Top. 16, 61; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; id. Fam. 5, 21, 2; Liv. 4, 44, 10; 4, 60, 8; 9, 25, 2; 22, 14, 12; Nep. Dat. 11, 1; Suet. Caes. 31; Gell. 1, 23, 5; Prop. 3, 20, 37 (4, 21, 7).—Hence a perf. indic. in co-ordination with pluperf. subj.: cum sol nocte visus esset... et cum caelum discessisse visum est (decemviri ad libros ire jussi sunt), Cic. Div. 1, 43, 97.—With a perf. indic. (or histor. pres.), the principal predicate in imperf.a.The action falling within the time of the principal predicate:b.set Stalagmus quojus erat tunc nationis, quom hinc abit?
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 107; id. Rud. 3, 6, 9; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:haec Crassi oratio cum edita est, quattuor et triginta tum habebat annos, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 43, 161:eo cum venio, praetor quiescebat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32; 2, 5, 69, § 178; id. Fl. 13, 20; id. Pis. 1, 2; id. Lig. 1, 3; id. Phil. 2, 21, 52; 3, 4, 11; id. Fam. 13, 35, 2; id. Att. 6, 1, 13:cum Caesari in Galliam venit, alterius factionis principes erant Aedui, alterius Sequani,
Caes. B. G. 6, 12; Sall. J. 71, 1:cum haec accepta clades est, jam C. Horatius et T. Menenius consules erant,
Liv. 2, 51, 1; 21, 39, 4; 23, 49, 5; 28, 27, 14; 34, 16, 6;45, 39, 1: merito me non adgnoscis, nam cum hoc factum est, integer eram,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 3.—Post-class. writers generally use imperf. subj.:beneficium ei videberis dedisse cui tunc inimicissimus eras cum dares?
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 7:bona quoque, quae tunc habuit cum damnaretur, publicabuntur,
Dig. 28, 18, § 1:pauper Fabricius (erat) Pyrrhi cum sperneret aurum,
Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 413.—The action strictly anterior to the principal sentence, rare (1. d.): nam quod conabar cum interventum'st dicere, nunc expedibo, Pac. ap. Non. p. 505, 3 (Trag. Rel. v. 65 Rib.):3.cum est ad nos adlatum de temeritate eorum, etc., cetera mihi facillima videbantur... multaque mihi veniebant in mentem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; Sall. C. 51, 32; Verg. A. 6, 515; id. E. 3, 14.—The predicate after cum conceived as a period or space of time (including repeated action) is either in the imperf. indic. or imperf. subj. [In ante-classical writers and Cicero the imperf. indic. very frequent, and largely prevailing over the subj., except that when the principal predicate denotes a point of time (with perf.), Cicero commonly uses the subj.; the imperf. indic. occurs in Cicero 241 times; in Caesar once with the force of a relativeclause (B. G. 1, 40, 5), and 3 times of repeated action; in Nep. once of repeated action (Att. 9, 6); in Sall. twice (J. 31, 20; id. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch); in Liv. 22 times; in Verg. 4 times; in Ovid twice; in Tib. twice; in Prop. 3 times; in Val. Max. twice; then it disappears (except once each in Tac. and Mart.), but reappears in Gaius (3 times), Gellius (twice), and the Gallic panegyrists (several times)].a.Both predicates denoting spaces of time, the principal predicate always in the imperf. indic. unless the mood is changed by other influences.(α).Cum with the imperf. indic. (1) In express or implied opposition to other periods of time, esp. with tum or tunc:(β).eademne erat haec disciplina tibi quom tu adulescens eras?
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 17:alium esse censes nunc me atque olim quom dabam?
Ter. And. 3, 3, 13; Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 50; id. Most. 1, 3, 64; id. Mil. 2, 2, 26; Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 Vahl.):qui cum plures erant, paucis nobis exaequari non poterant, hi postquam pauciores sunt, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25:qui (Pompeius) cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus ipse eum diligebat, postquam ille metuere coepit, etc.,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 4:res per eosdem creditores per quos cum tu aderas agebatur,
id. Fam. 1, 1, 1 (cf.:Senatus consultum factum est de ambitu in Afranii sententiam quam ego dixeram cum tu adesses,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 9, 3):Trebellium valde jam diligit: oderat tum cum ille tabulis novis adversabatur,
id. Phil. 6, 4, 11:non tam id sentiebam cum fruebar, quam tunc cum carebam,
id. Red. Quir. 1, 3:etenim tunc esset hoc animadvertendum cum classis Syracusis proficiebatur,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 111 (so 111 times in Cicero, including the instances where the principal predicate is in the perf.):cum captivis redemptio negabatur, nos vulgo homines laudabant, nunc deteriore condicione sumus, etc.,
Liv. 25, 6, 14; 10, 7, 2; 33, 34, 3; 34, 4, 10; 44, 36, 8; 45, 38, 1; Ov. P. 2, 6, 9; id. M. 13, 473; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1; 4, 1, 10; Mart. 12, 70, 10; Gai Inst. 1, 184; Eum. Grat. Act. 6; cf.: cur eum, cum in consilium iretur, Cluentius et Canutius abesse patiebantur? Cur cum in consilium mittebant, Stajenum judicem qui pecuniam dederant, non requirebant? Cic. Clu. 30, 83 (cum iretur, of the time when the judges retired; cum mittebant, of the previous time, when the parties were asked about the closing of the case; opp. cum iretur).—Poets, even in the class. per., sometimes use the subj. in dependence upon the indic.:hic subito quantus cum viveret esse solebat, Exit humo,
Ov. M. 13, 441. —(2) The principal predicate denoting a mental act or reflection occasioned by, or accompanying the action of the clause with cum (mostly ante-class. and in Cicero):desipiebam mentis cum illa scripta mittebam tibi,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 35; id. Aul. 2, 2, 1; id. Ps. 1, 5, 86:sed tu cum et tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas, et cum eis praedabare, et... non statuebas tibi rationem esse reddendam?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:illas res tantas cum gerebam, non mihi mors, non exsilium ob oculos versabatur?
id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Cat. 3, 1, 3; 3, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26; 2, 2, 13, § 33; 2, 2, 35, § 86; 2, 3, 86, § 198; 2, 5, 21, § 54; id. Fl. 1, 1; id. Deiot. 1, 3; 8, 23; id. Pis. 24, 56 and 57; id. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Or. 13, 41; id. Tusc. 2, 15, 43; id. Fam. 7, 9, 5 (22 times); Sall. H. 1, 48, 6 Dietsch (cf.:num P. Decius cum se devoveret, et equo admisso in mediam aciem Latinorum inruebat, aliquid... cogitabat?
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61; cum se devoveret explains the circumstances of inruebat; hence acc. to 3. a. b, 2. in subj.; cf. Madv. ad loc., who reads devoverat).—(3) If the predicate after cum has a meaning peculiar to the imperf. indic., which by the use of the subj. would be effaced: quod erat os tuum, cum videbas eos homines, quorum ex bonis istum anulus aureus donabas? (descriptive imperf.) Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 187; so,fulgentis gladios hostium videbant Decii, cum in aciem eorum inruebant,
id. Tusc. 2, 24, 59: cum de plebe consulem non accipiebat ( = accipere nolebat, conative imperf.), id. Brut. 14, 55:cum vim quae esset in sensibus explicabamus, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 12, 37 (the verbum dicendi refers to a certain stage in the discourse, for which Cicero uses the imperf. indic. in independent sentences, e. g. N. D. 3, 29, 71; 3, 6, 15; de Or. 1, 53, 230; 2, 19, 83; 2, 84, 341); so,equidem... risum vix tenebam, cum Attico Lysiae Catonem nostrum comparabas,
id. Brut. 8, 293:cum censebam,
id. de Or. 1, 62, 264:cum dicebam,
id. Fam. 6, 1, 5:cum ponebas,
id. Fin. 2, 19, 63; so esp. in Cicero's letters the phrase cum haec scribebam = while I am writing this, to preserve the meaning of an epistolary tense, referring to a state, condition, or action in progress at the time of writing the letter:res, cum haec scribebam, erat in extremum adducta discrimen,
id. Fam. 12, 6, 2; 3, 12, 2; 5, 12, 2; 6, 4, 1; id. Att. 5, 20, 5 et saep.; cum haec scriberem, scripsissem, scripsi, are not epistolary tenses, but refer to events happening after the letter or part of it was finished, = when I wrote, had written, id. ib. 2, 15, 3; 10, 4, 7; 4, 10, 2; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 19; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 5; 8, 13, 2;sometimes cum dabam = cum scribebam,
Cic. Fam. 12, 16, 3 (but cf.:cum scriberem, as epistolary tense, in oblique discourse,
id. Att. 15, 13, 7).—(4) The coincidence in time of two actions is made emphatic, = eo ipso tempore quo:tum cum insula Delos... nihil timebat, non modo provinciis sed etiam Appia via jam carebamus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 18, 55; id. Phil. 1, 15, 36; 13, 8, 17; id. Sull. 10, 31; id. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Dom. 45, 118.—The predicate after cum is in the imperf. subj. (1) To impart to the clause a causal, adversative or concessive meaning besides the temporal relation:(γ).antea cum equester ordo judicaret, improbi magistratus in provinciis inserviebant publicanis (a logical consequence),
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 94:sed cum jam honores (Hortensii) et illa senior auctoritas gravius quiddam requireret, remanebat idem (dicendi genus) nec decebat idem,
id. Brut. 95, 327; id. Phil. 1, 1, 1; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42; 16, 45; id. Pis. 10, 2; Liv. 25, 13, 1; 26, 5, 1.—(2) To indicate circumstances under which the main action took place, and by which it is explained:Flaminius, cum tripudio auspicaretur, pullarius diem differebat, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: [p. 493] equidem cum peterem magistratum, solebam in prensando dimittere a me Scaevolam, id. de Or. 1, 24, 112; id. Inv. 2, 17, 52; Liv. 41, 1, 2 (cf. 3. b. b, 3.).—(3) To describe the locality of the main action: quom essem in provincia legatus, quam plures ad praetores et consules vinum honorarium dabant, Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 3, 8:Zenonem cum Athenis essem audiebam frequenter,
Cic. N. D. 1, 21, 59; 1, 28, 79; id. Tusc. 2, 14, 34; id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; id. Att. 2, 11, 1; 12, 5, 4; 16, 14, 1; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 29; Liv. 5, 54, 3 (cf. 3. b. b, 4.).—(4) To designate the time of the main action as a condition:cum ageremus vitae supremum diem, scribebamus hoc,
Cic. Fin. 4, 27, 54:cum jam in exitu annus esset, Q. Marcius... magistratu abiturus erat,
Liv. 39, 23, 1 (cf. 3. b. b, 5.).—If both the clause with cum and the principal predicate denote repeated action, the predicate with cum in class. prose is in the imperf. indic. or subj. according to the rules under a and b; the principal predicate being always in the imperf. indic.; but in ante-class. writers cum has always the imperf. indic. (1) Imperf. indic.:(δ).tum mi aedes quoque arridebant, quom ad te veniebam, tuae,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Am. 1, 1, 45; id. Rud. 4, 7, 25 sqq.; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 19; Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 5; Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4; id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 34; Caes. B. C. 1, 79, 2; Gai Inst. 2, 101; Pacat. Pan. 9 fin.:cum a nostro Catone laudabar vel reprehendi me a ceteris facile patiebar,
Cic. Or. 13, 41; so Nep. Att. 9, 6.—To distinguish from adversative relations, as Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 9; id. Att. 12, 39, 2; id. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 6; Gai Inst. 2, 254.—If only the clause with cum, but not the principal predicate, denotes repeated action, the latter is in the perf., the former in imperf. indic., Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Cic. Arch. 5, 10.—(2) Imperf. subj., mostly denoting circumstances to explain the main action: cum dilectus antiquitus fieret... tribunus militaris adigebat, etc., Cinc. de Re Mil. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:Hortensius cum partiretur tecum causas, prorogandi locum semper tibi relinquebat,
Cic. Brut. 51, 190; id. Div. 1, 45, 102; id. de Or. 1, 54, 232; id. Brut. 62, 222; Liv. 3, 66, 2; 5, 25, 12:ex hoc effectos panes, cum in colloquiis Pompeiani famem nostris objectarent, vulgo in eos jaciebant (causal),
Caes. B. C. 3, 48; Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62; so,according to class. usage,
Sen. Ep. 86, 11; Curt. 5, 2, 7; 6, 5, 18; 7, 3, 13; Suet. Caes. 65;contrary to class. usage,
Val. Max. 3, 6, 6; Sen. Ep. 30, 7; 77, 8; Tac. H. 2, 91; Spart. Had. 18. —In other instances (which are rare), both moods occur, either without any discrimination, or for special reasons. (1) Ante-class.:b.nam quom modo exibat foras, ad portum se aibat ire,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 2. —(2) Class.:ut, cum L. Opimii causam defendebat, C. Carbo nihil de Gracchi nece negabat, sed id jure factum esse dicebat,
Cic. de Or. 2, 25, 106 (cf.:nuper cum ego C. Sergii Oratae... causam defenderem, nonne omnis nostra in jure versata defensio est?
id. ib. 1, 39, 178; in each of these sentences the clause with cum sustains exactly the same relation to the principal predicate; but the former has the imperf. in the principal sentence, and in this connection Cic. prefers the indic. after cum):similiter arbitror... illum (oratorem) de toto illo genere non plus quaesiturum esse, quid dicat, quam Polycletum illum, cum Herculem fingebat, quem ad modum pellem aut hydram fingeret (fingebat, for euphony, in view of the foll. fingeret),
id. de Or. 2, 16, 70; cf.:nec vero ille artifex cum faceret Jovis formam... contemplabatur aliquem, e quo similitudinem duceret,
id. Or. 2, 9.—Without assignable reason:casu, cum legerem tuas litteras, Hirtius erat apud me,
Cic. Att. 15, 1, 2; cf.:Hasdrubal tum forte cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphacem erat,
Liv. 29, 31, 1:cum haec Romae agebantur, Chalcide Antiochus ipse sollicitabat civitatium animos, etc.,
id. 36, 5, 1; cf.:cum haec in Hispania gererentur, comitiorum jam appetebat dies,
id. 35, 8, 1 (Weissenb. gerebantur):cum haec agebantur, Chalcide erat Antiochus,
id. 36, 15, 1; cf.:cum haec agerentur jam consul via Labicana ad fanum Quietis erat,
id. 4, 41, 8; 35, 2, 1.—(3) PostAug. writers almost always use imperf. subj., disregarding the class. usage: ipsa fruebatur arte cum pingeret (cf. a, 2.), Sen. Ep. 9, 7; id. Cons. Marc. 23, 3; Plin. Pan. 34:tunc erat mendacio locus cum ignota essent externa... nunc vero, etc. (opposition of times),
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 24; so id. Ep. 97, 9; Mart. 2, 61, 1; cf. Don. ad Ter. And. 3, 3, 13 (3. a. a, 1. supra):cum haec proderem habebant et Caesares juvenes sturnum, etc.,
Plin. 10, 41, 59, § 120.—If the principal predicate denotes a point of time, and the predicate with cum a period of time, the former is in the perf. indic. unless changed by construction; the latter(α).In the imperf. indic., according to the rules a. a, except 2. (1) When the time of the cum clause is opposed to other periods of time:(β).res quom animam agebat tum esse offusam oportuit,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 85; id. Truc. 4, 2, 20; id. Ep. 3, 3, 50 (3, 4, 21); id. Most. 5, 1, 68:quod cum res agebatur nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui diceres?
Cic. Phil. 2, 9, 22; id. Rep. 2, 23, 43; id. Div. 1, 41, 92; 1, 45, 101; id. Ac. 2, 28, 90; id. Quint. 19, 60; 17, 54; 19, 61; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210 et saep.; Liv. 22, 60, 25; Verg. A. 4, 597; Tib. 1, 10, 8; 1, 10, 19; Prop. 2, 1, 31; 5 (4), 10, 24.—The subj. may be used if the principal action is represented as a consequence or result:o, Astaphium, haut isto modo solita's me ante appellare, Sed blande, quom illuc quod aput vos nunc est, aput me haberem,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 60 (Lubbert conjectures habebam); Cic. Off. 2, 1, 2 and 3; id. Fin. 4, 27, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 130; id. Mur. 3, 8; Liv. 5, 53, 9; 10, 6, 9; 43, 21, 1;44, 39, 7.— Hence the mood may change in co-ordinate clauses: tum, cum haberet haec res publica Luscinos, Calatinos, etc., homines... patientia paupertatis ornatos, et tum, cum erant Catones, Phili, etc., tamen hujusce modi res commissa nemini est (haberet, concessive),
Cic. Agr. 2, 24, 64.—(2) To make emphatic the coincidence of time, = eo ipso tempore (a. a, 4.):cum is triumphus de Liguribus agebatur, Ligures... coloniam ipsam ceperunt,
Liv. 41, 14, 1; Cic. Sest. 26, 56; id. Phil. 2, 36, 90; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 37, § 97; id. Att. 1, 4, 1.—(3) To preserve the peculiar force of the imperf. indic. (a. a, 3.): cum iste jam decedebat, ejus modi litteras ad eos misit, etc. (conative imperf.), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 172:cum Africanus censor tribu movebat centurionem... inquit,
id. de Or. 2, 67, 272 (cf.:cum (censor) M. Antistio equum ademisset,
id. ib. 2, 71, 287).—With the imperf. subj. (1) Always when cum means while (time during which): quomque caput caderet, carmen tuba sola peregit et, etc., Enn. ap. Lact. ad Stat. Th. 11, 56 (Ann. v. 508 Vahl.):(γ).magistratus quom ibi adesset, occepta'st agi,
Ter. Eun. prol. 22 (Lubbert conjectures adsedit); Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 106 Vahl.):Alexandrum uxor sua, cum simul cubaret, occidit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:armati, cum sui utrosque adhortarentur... in medium inter duas acies procedunt,
Liv. 1, 25, 1; Varr. R. R. 2, 81; Auct. Her. 4, 52, 65; Cic. Brut. 3, 10; id. Clu. 62, 175; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 3, 57; Liv. 1, 30, 8; 10, 30, 3 et saep.—(2) To connect a logical (causal, etc.) relation with the temporal meaning (a. b, 1.):cum ille Romuli senatus... temptaret ut ipse gereret sine rege rem publicam, populus id non tulit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 12, 23:an pater familiarissimis suis succensuit cum Sullam et defenderent et laudarent? (causal),
id. Sull. 17, 49:tum cum bello sociorum tota Italia arderet, homo non acerrimus... C. Norbanus in summo otio fuit (concessive),
id. Verr. 2, 5, 4, § 8:quibus rebus cum unus in civitate maxime floreret, incidit in eandem invidiam, etc. (adversative),
Nep. Cim. 3, 1:sed cum jam appropinquantium forma lemborum haud dubia esset... tunc injecta trepidatio est,
Liv. 44, 28, 10; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211; id. Clu. 31, 84; id. Mur. 3, 8; id. Phil. 3, 2, 3; id. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; Auct. Her. 4, 24, 33; Caes. B. C. 2, 7; Liv. 25, 9, 10; 21, 41, 12.—(3) To explain the main fact by circumstances:quem quidem hercle ego, in exilium quom iret, redduxi domum,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 19:consule me, cum esset designatus tribunus, obtulit in discrimen vitam suam,
Cic. Sest. 28, 61:haec epistula est, quam nos, in aedibus Apronii cum litteras conquireremus, invenimus,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 66, § 154: Socrates, cum XXX. tyranni essent, pedem porta non extulit, id. Att. 8, 2, 4:Brundusii cum loquerer cum Phania, veni in eum sermonem ut dicerem, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5, 3:itaque, cum populum in curias triginta divideret, nomina earum (Sabinarum) curiis imposuit,
Liv. 1, 13, 6:Ap. Claudius, ovans cum in urbem iniret, decem milia pondo argenti, etc., in aerarium tulit,
id. 41, 28, 6; Cic. Clu. 20, 55; id. Phil. 12, 8, 20; id. Scaur. 47; id. Inv. 2, 31, 96; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53; id. Div. 1, 52, 119; id. Off. 2, 8, 27; id. Or. 2, 55, 225 sq.; id. Fam. 1, 9, 13; 6, 6, 5; Liv. 1, 39, 4; 3, 63, 6; 4, 53, 11 et saep.—(4) To describe the place of the main action (a. a, 3.):cum essem in castris ad fluvium Pyramum, redditae mihi sunt uno tempore a te epistulae duae,
Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1;so with cum essem (essemus, etc.),
id. ib. 2, 19, 1; 3, 4, 1; 13, 56, 1; id. Att. 1, 10, 1; 14, 19, 1; id. Ac. 1, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Varr. R. R. 3, 13; Caes. B. G. 4, 11 et saep.:Eumenes rex ab Roma cum in regnum rediret... mactatus est ( = on the journey),
Liv. 42, 40, 8:Agesilaus cum ex Aegypto reverteretur... in morbum implicitus decessit,
Nep. Ages. 8, 6.—The perf. indic. (cum fui, etc.) refers to temporary visits to a place:Gallo narravi, cum proxime Romae fui, quid audissem,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 2:proxime cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3.—(5) To designate the time by natural occurrences (a. a, 4.):ipsi comprehensi a me, cum jam dilucesceret, deducuntur,
Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6:cum advesperasceret, cum lucesceret,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 8:cum lux appropinquaret,
id. Tull. 9, 21:cum dies instaret,
id. Inv. 2, 31, 96:cum comitiorum tempus adpeteret,
Liv. 28, 10, 1:cum dies comitiorum adpropinquaret,
id. 3, 34, 7; 10, 13, 2.—But when a date is given as a point of time, the perf. indic. is used:cum ea dies venit,
Liv. 4, 44, 10; 6, 20, 4.—(6) When the action of the cum clause is interrupted or ended by the main action:cum hanc jam epistulam complicarem, tabellarii a vobis venerunt, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 17:L. Octavius, cum multas jam causas diceret, adulescens est mortuus,
id. Brut. 68, 241:cum plures jam tribus dicto esse audientem pontifici duumvirum juberent... ultimum de caelo quod comitia turbaret intervenit,
Liv. 40, 42, 10:cum maxime conquereretur apud patres... repente strepitus ante curiam... auditur,
id. 8, 33, 4:haec cum maxime dissereret, intervenit Tarquinius,
id. 1, 50, 7;so with cum maxime,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 23, 24, 6; 30, 33, 12.—(7) If the clause with cum has the force of a participial adjunct of the principal predicate (cum diceret = dicens, or dicendo):Caesarem saepe accusavit, cum adfirmaret illum numquam, dum haec natio viveret, sine cura futurum ( = adfirmans, or adfirmando),
Cic. Sest. 63, 132:Antigonus in proelio, cum adversus Seleucum dimicaret, occisus est ( = dimicans),
Nep. Reg. 3, 2:impulit ut cuperem habere, cum diceret,
Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 8; Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 9 (11), 3; id. Clu. 42, 119; 56, 153; id. pro Corn. Maj. Fragm. 16; id. Mil. 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 57, 243; id. Or. 37, 129; id. Fin. 1, 5, 16; id. Inv. 2, 34, 105; Val. Max. 1, 2, ext. 1; Ov. P. 1, 9, 42.—(8) In the historians, in a summary reference to events already related:cum haec in Achaia atque apud Dyrrhachium gererentur... Caesar mittit, etc.,
Caes. B. C. 3, 57:cum civitas in opere ac labore adsiduo reficiendae urbis teneretur, interim Q. Fabio... dicta dies est,
Liv. 6, 1, 6:cum hic status in Boeotia esset, Perseus... misit,
id. 42, 56, 10; 33, 36, 1; 34, 22, 3; 38, 8, 1; 42, 64, 1; 45, 11, 1.—In all other cases the imperf. subj. is regularly used in class. prose, even if the action of the clause with cum is logically independent of the principal sentence:D.illum saepe audivi, hic, cum ego judicare jam aliquid possem, abfuit,
Cic. Brut. 71, 248: senatus consultum est factum de ambitu in Afranii sententiam, in quam ego dixeram, cum tu adesses. id. Q. Fr. 2, 7 (9), 3; so always (class.) with cum maxime, precisely when, just when:cum maxime haec in senatu agerentur, Canuleius... (ad populum) ita disseruit,
Liv. 4, 3, 1:cum maxime Capua circumvallaretur, Syracusarum oppugnatio ad finem venit,
id. 25, 23, 1.—In a very few instances the imperf. indic. occurs without apparent reason: an vero cum honos agebatur familiae vestrae... succensuit [p. 494] pater tuus cum Sullam defenderent (probably to distinguish the two cum clauses), Cic. Sull. 17, 49 (cf.:cum jus amicitiae, societatis, adfinitatis ageretur, cum, etc., eo tempore tu non modo non... retulisti, sed ne ipse quidem, etc.,
id. Quint. 16, 53):ille versus, qui in te erat collatus cum aedilitatem petebas,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 8:cum ex oppido exportabatur (Dianae statua) quem conventum mulierum factum esse arbitramini?... Quid hoc tota Sicilia est clarius quam omnes convenisse cum Diana exportaretur ex oppido? etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77.—Poets and post-class. writers frequently disregard the class. usage, the former by using either mood instead of the other, the latter by the un-Ciceronian use of the subj.; v. Prop. 2, 9, 15; 5 (4), 4, 10; Tib. 1, 10, 16; Verg. A. 7, 148; 12, 735; Mart. 13, 122; Curt. 8, 12, 16; 9, 2, 24; Quint. 11, 1, 89; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46; Dig. 28, 1, 22, § 1; Gell. strangely uses an imperf. indic. where class. writers would use a subj.:sed ego, homines cum considerabam, alterum fidei, alterum probri plenum, nequaquam adduci potui ad absolvendum,
Gell. 14, 2, 10; cf.:cum secum reputavit,
Tac. A. 15, 54.In adverbial clauses denoting identity of action (if the principal sentence and the clause with cum denote not different actions, but one action, which, expressed by the latter clause, is by the principal sentence defined in its meaning and import, the clause with cum always takes the indic., except once or twice post-class., and almost always the same tense as the principal sentence), when, by, in, etc.1.The predicate in present:2.amice facis Quom me laudas,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 31; id. Poen. 3, 2, 12; 3, 5, 15; Ter. And. prol. 18; id. Ad. 1, 2, 16 et saep.:bene facitis cum venitis,
Auct. Her. 4, 50, 63:quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54; 21, 58; id. Clu. 47, 132; Liv. 25, 6, 5 et saep.—With fut. (rare):3.cum igitur proferent aliquid hujusmodi... inventum proferent,
Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 75; id. Fl. 39, 99; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 9.—With fut. perf. (rare):4.quod cum dederis, illud dederis ut is absolvatur,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 23; id. Lig. 12, 36; id. Part. Or. 39; Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41.—With perf.:5.fecisti furtum quom istaec flagitia me celavisti et patrem,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 60; 1, 2, 52; id. Cas. 4, 4, 18 (22); id. Capt. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Phorm. prol. 32 et saep.:loco ille motus est cum ex urbe est depulsus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; id. Fam. 11, 29, 2; id. Rosc. Am. 14, 39; Liv. 5, 49, 8; 9, 8, 4; Val. Max. 3, 7, ext. 1; Curt. 6, 10, 9; Quint. 1, 10, 47 et saep.—With histor. pres.:6.Orestes cum se defendit, in matrem confert crimen,
Auct. Her. 1, 15, 25.—With imperf.:7.cum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adulescentiae temeritatem verebantur,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47; 14, 10, 28; id. Fl. 33, 83; id. Lig. 6, 18; id. Fam. 6, 1, 3; id. Off. 3, 10, 40; id. Sen. 6, 15 et saep.—Imperf. with perf. ( poet. and post-class.;8.very rare): quid quod et ominibus certis prohibebar amori Indulgere meo, tum cum mihi ferre jubenti Excidit et fecit spes nostras cera caducas,
Ov. M. 9, 595 sq.; Val. Max. 9, 1, 5.—With pluperf. (very rare):* 9.exspectationem nobis non parvam attuleras cum scripseras, etc.,
Cic. Att. 3, 18, 1; id. Sest. 16, 37.—Pluperf. and imperf.:10.quod quidem tibi ostenderam cum a me Capuam reiciebam,
Cic. Att. 8, 11, D, 5.—Imperf. subj. (post-class.):11.tunc venena edebat bibebatque, cum immensis epulis non delectaretur tantum, sed gloriaretur,
Sen. Cons. Helv. 10, 10.—Often relatively added to nouns when a relative clause must be supplied:E.illa scelera... cum ejus domum evertisti, cujus, etc.,
which you committed when (by), Cic. Pis. 34, 83; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33; Liv. 5, 3, 4; 23, 9, 11; 29, 17, 9.In relative clauses, = quo tempore, quo, etc.1.Dependent on nouns designating time, the mood follows the general rules of relative clauses.a.The principal sentence is a formal statement of indefinite time, with the copula (tempus fuit cum, or fuit cum, analogous to sunt qui, etc.); generally with subj., but sometimes indic., when sunt qui would take this mood.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.: nunc est profecto (i. e. tempus), interfici quom perpeti me possum (the ante-class. writers construe sunt qui with indic.), Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 3; id. And. 1, 1, 125:(β).jam aderit tempus quom sese etiam ipse oderit,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 12; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 28.—With pres. subj.: nunc est ille dies quom gloria maxima sese nobis ostendat, si vivimus, sive morimur, Enn. ap. Prisc. 10, p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 383 Vahl.); so Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 1:(γ).erit illud profecto tempus et illucescet aliquando dies cum... amicissimi benevolentiam desideres,
Cic. Mil. 25, 69; Val. Max. 6, 2, 9.—With preterites, indic., Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 29:(δ).fuit quoddam tempus cum in agris homines bestiarum more vagabantur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2 (cf.:fuerunt alia genera qui... dicebant,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62):fuit cum hoc dici poterat (potuisset would be hypothetical),
Liv. 7, 32, 13.—With preterites, subj., Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 1:b.quod fuit tempus cum rura colerent homines,
Varr. R. R. 3, 1:ac fuit cum mihi quoque initium requiescendi concessum arbitrarer,
Cic. Or. 1, 1, 1; so id. Brut. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 6, 24.—Attributively with nouns denoting time (tempus, dies, etc.), in ordinary sentences.(α).With pres. or fut. indic.:(β).incidunt saepe tempora cum ea commutantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31:longum illud tempus cum non ero, etc.,
id. Att. 12, 8, 1; id. Verr. 2, 5, 69, § 177; id. Quint. 2, 8; id. Sen. 23, 84.—With potential subj., Cic. Att. 3, 3.—With past tenses, indic., Plaut. Am. prol. 91; id. rud. 2, 6, 12; Ter. And. 5, 3, 12:(γ).atque ille eo tempore paruit cum parere senatui necesse erat,
Cic. Lig. 7, 20:memini noctis illius cum... pollicebar,
id. Planc. 42, 101; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; 2, 35, 88; id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; id. Sest. 7, 15; 29, 62; id. Sull. 18, 52; id. Fam. 11, 8, 1; 11, 27, 3; id. de Or. 1, 11, 45; Sall. J. 31, 20; Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 6; Prop. 1, 10, 5; 1, 22, 5; Gell. 1, 23, 2 et saep.—So with nouns implying time:illa pugna quom, etc. ( = in qua),
Plaut. Poen. 2, 26;Marcellino Consule, cum ego... putabam ( = anno Marcellini, quo, etc.),
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4:patrum nostrorum memoria cum exercitus videbatur ( = tempore quo),
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 6, 40, 17.—With preterites in subj., Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 30:c.accepit enim agrum iis temporibus cum jacerent pretia praediorum,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33; so id. Off. 2, 19, 65:numerandus est ille annus cum obmutuisset senatus?
id. Pis. 12, 26; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; id. Rep. 2, 37, 62; id. Font. 3, 6; Liv. 3, 65, 8:haec scripsi postridie ejus diei cum castra haberem Mopsuhestiae (cf. habebam, as epistolary tense),
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 10.—If the clause does not define the noun, but is a co-ordinate designation of time, it follows the rule of adverbial clauses:eodem anno, cum omnia infida Romanis essent, Capuae quoque conjurationes factae,
while, Liv. 9, 26, 5; Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; Liv. 8, 15, 1; 1, 41, 6.—Appositively added to temporal adverbs and to dates (heri, hodie, medius, tertius, olim, antea, quondam, nuper, olim, postea) following the rules of adverbial clauses:2.Crassus hodie, cum vos non adessetis, posuit idem, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 10, 41:omnia quae a te nudius tertius dicta sunt, cum docere velles, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 7, 18; id. Sest. 48, 103; id. Att. 4, 3, 2; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1; id. Rep. 1, 39, 61; Caes. B. C. 2, 17 et saep.—So with dates (always subj.. except with cum haec scribebam, or dabam):posteaquam Pompeius apud populum ad VIII. Id. Febr., cum pro Milone diceret, clamore convicioque jactatus est,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 1; 3, 3, 1; 3, 4, 1; 4, 2, 1; id. Att. 14, 19, 1.—The principal sentence defines a period of time during which the action of the clause has or had lasted, always with indic., and after the words defining the period, = per quod tempus, when, that, during which, while, etc.a.With pres., = Engl. pres. perf.(α).With cardinal, definite or indefinite. (1) Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).hanc domum Jam multos annos est quom possideo,
that I have been the owner, Plaut. Aul. prol. 4; cf. id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—(2) Time in nom.:anni sunt octo cum ista causa in ista meditatione versatur,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; id. Or. 51, 171; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1; id. Div. 2, 36, 76.—With ordinals:(γ).vigesimus annus est, cum omnes scelerati me unum petunt,
Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24; Verg. A. 5, 627; 3, 646.—With diu:b.jam diu'st quom ventri victum non datis,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 146; Gell. 1, 25, 12.—Perf. with negation, the principal predicate in pres. or logical perf., = Engl. pres. perf.:c.quia septem menses sunt quom in hasce aedes pedem Nemo intro tetulit,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 39; id. Men. 3, 1, 3; Prop. 3, 8, 33 (2, 16, 33. —With pluperf., the principal predicate in imperf.:d.permulti jam anni erant cum inter patricios magistratus tribunosque nulla certamina fuerant,
Liv. 9, 33, 3.—With imperf., the principal predicate in perf. or pluperf.:3.dies triginta aut plus in ea navi fui, Quom interea semper mortem exspectabam miser,
Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 7:unus et alter dies intercesserat, cum res parum certa videbatur,
Cic. Clu. 26, 72.—The principal sentence specifying a period of time which has or had elapsed since the action took place, = ex ejus tempore, since or after, always with indic.; the principal predicate pres. or logical perf., cum with perf. indic.a.With cardinals.(α).Time in acc. (ante-class.):(β).annos factum'st sedecim Quom conspicatus est primo crepusculo Puellam exponi,
Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so probably id. Pers. 1, 3, 57; id. Trin. 2, 4, 1; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37.—With nom.:b.nondum centum et decem anni sunt cum de pecuniis repetundis lata lex est,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75; id. Fam. 15, 16, 3; id. Att. 9, 11, A, 2.—With diu or dudum:c.nam illi quidem haut sane diu'st quom dentes exciderunt,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 42; id. As. 2, 1, 3; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3.—Peculiarly, cum referring to an action which was to be done after a period of time, before, at the end of which:4.omnino biduum supererat cum exercitui frumentum metiri oporteret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23. —In inverted clauses, the principal sentence determining the time of the clause, cum ( = quo tempore) having the force of a relative; cum with the indic. always following the principal sentence; never in oblique discourse; very freq. in class. and post-class. writings (ante-class. only Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 3; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40; id. Eun. 4, 2, 5); principal sentence often with jam, vix, vixdum, nondum, tantum quod, and commodum; cum often with subito, repente, sometimes interim, tamen, etiamtum.a.Principal sentence defining time by temporal expressions.(α).Principal sentence with pluperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(β).dies nondum decem intercesserant cum ille alter filius necatur,
Cic. Clu. 9, 28; id. Verr. 1, 2, 36; id. Or. 2, 21, 89; Ov. M. 9, 715; Plin. Pan. 91, 1.—(2) Cum with histor. inf., Sall. J. 98, 2.—Principal sentence with imperf. (1) Cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).nondum lucebat cum Ameriae scitum est,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; Liv. 21, 59, 5; 41, 26, 2; 22, 1, 1; 9, 33, 3; 9, 37, 5; Verg. G. 2, 340; Curt. 4, 3, 16; 5, 12, 6 al.—(2) Cum with imperf., Curt. 6, 7, 1.—Principal sentence with perf., cum with perf.:b.dies haud multi intercesserunt cum ex Leontinis praesidium... venerunt,
Liv. 24, 29, 1; 40, 48, 4.—Principal sentence not containing expressions of time; most freq. with pluperf. or imperf. in principal sentence, and perf. or histor. pres. in clause with cum, but (far more rarely) many other combinations occur.(α).Principal sentence with imperf., cum with perf.:(β).non dubitabat Minucius quin, etc., cum repente jubetur dicere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 29, § 72:jamque hoc facere noctu adparabant cum matres familiae repente... procucurrerunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 26, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Liv. 1, 36, 1 (57 times); Verg. A. 1, 36 (26 times); Vell. 2, 28, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 18, 3; Tac. A. 3, 1 (31 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (19 times); Plin. Ep. 6, 24, 2.—Principal sentence with pluperf., cum with perf. or histor. pres.:(γ).jam Sora capta erat cum consules prima luce advenere,
Liv. 9, 24, 13 (32 times); Cic. Clu. 9, 28 (14 times); Sall. J. 60, 6; Verg. A. 1, 586 (13 times); Tac. A. 1, 19 (13 times); Curt. 3, 10, 1 (18 times). —And cum with potential subj.:vix erat hoc plane imperatum cum illum spoliatum... videres,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86.—Principal sentence with perf., Cic. Sest. 37, 39 (5 times); Liv. 2, 46, 3 (8 times).—(δ).Principal sentence with histor. inf., Liv. 5, 46, 1; Tac. A. 1, 11; 11, 16; Curt. 5, 9, 1; 9, 5, 1.—(ε).Principal sentence with histor. pres., Liv. 4, 32, 1 (3 times); Ov. M. 4, 695 (5 times).—(ζ).Cum with imperf., Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17 (3 times); Sall. J. 51, 2; Liv. 44, 10, 6; Tac. A. 1, 51; 11, 26.—(η).Cum with [p. 495] histor. inf., Liv. 2, 27, 1; Tac. A. 2, 31 (6 times); Curt. 4, 4, 9.—(θ).Cum with pluperf., Liv. 2, 46, 3 (3 times); Ov. M. 14, 581; Verg. A. 2, 256 sq.—(κ).With logical perf., or logical perf. and pres. (rare):5.quam multi enim jam oratores commemorati sunt... cum tamen spisse ad Antonium Crassumque pervenimus,
Cic. Brut. 36, 138:jamque fuga timidum caput abdidit alte (coluber), Cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae Solvuntur,
Verg. G. 3, 422.—In clauses added loosely or parenthetically to a preceding clause or to a substantive in it (the mood governed by the rules for relative clauses).a.When, on an occasion, on which, etc.(α).With perf. indic.:(β).Hortensium maxime probavi pro Messala dicentem, cum tu abfuisti,
Cic. Brut. 96, 328; id. Phil. 11, 8, 18; id. Dom. 9, 22; 53, 136; id. Fam. 13, 75, 1; Spart. Had. 3; Flor. 1, 18, 9 (1, 13, 19).—With imperf. indic.:(γ).num infitiari potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis circumclusum commovere te non potuisse, cum tu nostra... caede contentum esse dicebas?
Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7; id. Sest. 63, 131; id. Cael. 24, 59.—Cum with pres. indic., a past tense in principal sentence (mostly poet.):(δ).nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem Corpora... cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, Cum tacet omnis ager, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 522; 8, 407; 12, 114; id. E. 8, 15; Hor. S. 1, 10, 31; Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 22.—Imperf. subj.: qui... accensi nulla deinde vi sustineri potuere, cum compulsi in castra Romani rursus obsiderentur, in consequence of which ( = ita ut), Liv. 3, 5, 8.—(ε).So freq. cum quidem, always with indic.:b.sed uterque noster cedere cogebatur, cum quidem ille pollicitus est, se quod velletis esse facturum,
Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; id. Fl. 22, 53; id. Pis. 9, 21; 34, 83 and 84; id. Leg. 2, 6, 14; id. Sen. 4, 11; Suet. Caes. 50; Spart. Had. 9; id. Ael. Ver. 4.—Cum tamen, at which time however, and yet, while nevertheless, representing the principal sentence as concessive, analogous to qui tamen (v. tamen).(α).With indic., like qui tamen, always, except for particular reasons:(β).fit gemitus omnium et clamor, cum tamen a praesenti supplicio tuo continuit populus Romanus se, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 29, § 74; id. Pis. 12, 27; Liv. 6, 42, 11; Verg. A. 9, 513; Tac. H. 1, 62; so,cum nihilo magis,
Nep. Dat. 10, 3; passing over into inverted cum clauses (4. b.), as Sall. J. 98, 2; Liv. 27, 20, 11.—With subj., Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10; Liv. 4, 31, 6 (where the clause with cum is adverbial).—6.Cum interea (interim).a.Adverbial (rare).(α).Temporal with subj.; with subj. imperf., while, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62; with pluperf. subj., after, id. ib. 1, 2, 9, § 25; id. Fam. 15, 43.—(β).Adversative, with subj., whereas during this time. (1) Pres.:b.simulat se eorum praesidio conflteri, cum interea aliud quiddam jam diu machinetur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 15; Val. Max. 2, 9, 1; Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 14.—(2) With perf. subj.:cum tu interim vero numquam significaris sententiam tuam,
Cic. Pis. 4, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 5, 11 dub.; Val. Max. 7, 8, 6.—(3) With imperf. subj., Cic. Sull. 5, 6; Plin. Pan. 76, 1.—Relative, always with indic., in class. writings always referring to a period during which, belonging,(α).To the attributive clauses (v. 2. supra). (1) In pres.:(β).anni sunt octo... cum interea Cluentianae pecuniae vestigium nullum invenitis,
Cic. Clu. 30, 82; Liv. 5, 54, 5; Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 33.— (2) In imperf., Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 8 (2. c.).—To the inverted clauses (4.):(γ).tanta erat in his locis multitudo cum interim Rufio noster... hominem percussit,
Cic. Att. 5, 2, 2.—So probably: cum interim Gallus quidam processit, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 5; id. Pis. 38, 92 sq.; id. Tusc. 4, 3, 6; Sall. J. 12, 5; 49, 4; Liv. 3, 37, 5; Val. Max. 8, 1, 3; 9, 7, 2; Sen. Ira, 2, 33, 4; Tac. H. 1, 60; with indefinite pres. indic. in both terms, Sen. Cons. Marc. 11, 5.—To the additional clauses (5.). (1) With perf. indic., Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 3; Flor. 4, 2, 69; 4, 12, 33; with inf. in oblique discourse, Liv. 4, 51, 4; 6, 27, 6.—(2) Post-Aug., and in Nep., = cum tamen (5. b.), while nevertheless, whereas, with pres. or perf. indic.:F.post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se numquam refecerunt... cum interim Agesilaus non destitit patriam juvare,
Nep. Ages. 7, 1: cum interim Oedipodis ossa... colis, Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3; 3, 4, 5; 4, 4, 1; Quint. 10, 1, 18; 10, 1, 11; 12, 10, 67; Tac. H. 4, 42; Suet. Claud. 6; Flor. 4, 12, 33.In clauses completing the idea of the governing verb.1.After verbs of perception (videre, perspicere, audire, etc.; audivi cum diceres, etc. = audivi te dicentem).a.Dependent on verbs of seeing and feeling.(α).With indic.:(β).nam ipsi vident eorum quom auferimus bona ( = nos auferre or auferentes),
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 16; id. Poen. 3, 4, 13; id. Am. 5, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 65; id. Mil. 2, 6, 26:conspectum est cum obiit,
Liv. 5, 25, 3.—With subj.:b.is... numquam est conspectus cum veniret,
Cic. Sest. 59, 126:vidi... Cum tu terga dares,
Ov. M. 13, 224.—After verbs of hearing, always with subj.:c.L. Flaccum ego audivi cum diceret Caeciliam exisse, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 46, 104; id. Par. 6, 1, 45; id. de Or. 2, 6, 22; 2, 28, 129; 2, 33, 144; 2, 37, 155; 2, 90, 365; id. Brut. 27, 85; id. Fin. 5, 19, 54; id. Fam. 3, 7, 4; Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After memini, with indic. (sc. tempus):2.memini quom... haud audebat,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 53:memini cum mihi desipere videbare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 28, 1.—With subj.:memini cum velles residere ferventissimo sole,
Sen. Ben. 5, 24, 1.—After verba adfectuum, with the force of quod, always with indic. (mostly ante-class.).a.Verbs of thanking:b.habeo gratiam tibi Quom copiam istam mi et potestatem facis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Curc. 5, 3, 21; id. As. 3, 2, 2; id. Most. 2, 2, 2; id. Poen. 1, 2, 46; 5, 4, 84 (99); Ter. And. 4, 4, 32; id. Ad. 1, 2, 59:tibi maximas gratias ago, cum tantum litterae meae potuerunt, ut eis lectis, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 13, 24, 2.—Of congratulation:c.quom tu's aucta liberis... gratulor,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 33; 2, 6, 35: L. Caesar, O mi Cicero, inquit, gratulor tibi cum tantum vales apud Dolabellam, etc., L. Caesar ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 3; and ib. Att. 14, 17, A, 3.—Of rejoicing and grieving:d.quom istaec res tibi ex sententia Pulcre evenit, gaudeo,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 10; id. Poen. 5, 5, 48:cum vero in C. Matii familiaritatem venisti, non dici potest quam valde gaudeam,
Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 2; Sall. J. 102, 5.—Dependent on optative sentences:G.di tibi bene faciant semper quom advocatus bene mi ades,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 26; id. Poen. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 19.Elliptical usages (without predicate).1.Cum maxime.a.With ut: hanc Bacchidem Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus ( = ut amabat tum quom maxume amabat, as much as he ever did), Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 40:b.etiamne ea neglegamus, quae fiunt cum maxime, quae videmus?
Cic. Har. Resp. 15, 32.—Hence,By abbreviation: nunc cum maxime or cum maxime alone, now especially, just now: tum cum maxime, just then:2.nunc cum maxume operis aliquid facere credo,
Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 2; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 26; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 40:quae multos jam annos et nunc cum maxime filium interfectum cupit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 12:castra amissa, et tum cum maxime ardere,
Liv. 40, 32, 1; Curt. 3, 2, 17; Sen. Ira, 1, 16, 3; id. Ben. 3, 3, 3; id. Ep. 55, 1; 55, 11; 81, 7; Tac. Or. 16; 37; Eum. pro Schol. 4; Mamert. 2.—With maxime in adverbial clauses, just while, especially when, Cic. Att. 2, 15, 3; id. Off. 1, 13, 41; id. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2; Liv. 1, 50, 7; 2, 59, 7; 3, 25, 4; 3, 31, 3; 4, 3, 1; 8, 33, 4 et saep.—Similarly with other superlatives (post-class.):H.foliis ternis, aut, cum plurimum, quaternis,
at the utmost, Plin. 25, 10, 74, § 121; 18, 7, 10, § 60:cum tardissime,
id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:cum longissime,
Suet. Tib. 38.For co-ordinate clauses with cum... tum, v. tum, I. A. 3.II.Causal, since, because, as.A.Anteclass., chiefly with indic.1.With pres. indic.:2.hoc hic quidem homines tam brevem vitam colunt, Quom hasce herbas hujus modi in suom alvom congerunt,
because, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 34; id. Truc. 1, 2, 50; 2, 4, 8:edepol, merito esse iratum arbitror, Quom apud te tam parva'st ei fides,
since, id. Ps. 1, 5, 62; id. Most. 1, 1, 28; id. Truc. 2, 1, 32; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 30; id. Hec. 4, 1, 53.—With perf. indic.:3.praesertim quom is me dignum quoi concrederet Habuit, me habere honorem ejus ingenio decet,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 66; Ter. And. 3, 2, 8.—With subj.a.By construction of principal sentence: adeon, me fuisse fungum ut qui illi crederem, Quom mi ipsum nomen ejus Clamaret, etc., Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 51; id. Capt. 1, 2, 37; Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6; id. Eun. 3, 5, 18; 5, 2, 24.—b.Independent of such construction:B.jam istoc probior es meo quidem animo quom in amore temperes,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8 (bracketed by Goetz;Brix conjectures temperas): nil miror si lubenter tu hic eras, Quom ego servos quando aspicio hunc lacrumem quia dijungimur,
id. Mil. 4, 8, 18 Lorenz (Brix: quin ego... lacrumo; cf.Lubbert, Grammat. Stud. II. pp. 133, 137): Nam puerum injussu eredo non tollent meo, Praesertim in ea re quom sit mi adjutrix socrus,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 82; so id. Ad. 2, 1, 12.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum ista sis auctoritate, non debes arripere maledictum ex trivio,
Cic. Mur. 6, 13:cum vita sine amicis insidiarum et metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias comparare,
id. Fin. 1, 20, 66:quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.,
id. Clu. 44, 123:quod cum ita sit, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; id. Mur. 1, 2; id. Arch. 5, 10; id. Off. 3, 3, 13; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; Liv. 7, 9, 5; 21, 21, 5 et saep.—With perf. subj.:3.cum inimicitiae fuerint numquam, opinio injuriae beneficiis sit exstincta... rei publicae providebo,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; id. de Or. 1, 49, 214; the perf. subj. is often retained after a principal predicate in a past tense, id. Clu. 60, 167; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4.—With imperf. subj.a.Denoting both cause and coincidence of time:b.vacuum fundum, cum ego adessem, possidere non potuisti,
Auct. Her. 4, 29, 40; Cic. Or. 8, 25:cum tanta multitudo lapides et tela conicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6; id. B. C. 3, 1; Liv. 39, 31, 3; 4, 8, 3; 25, 11, 1.—Denoting cause without time:4.cum esset egens, sumptuosus, audax... ad omnem fraudem versare suam mentem coepit,
Cic. Clu. 26, 70:quod oppidum cum esset altissimo et munitissimo loco, ad existimationem imperii arbitratus sum, comprimere eorum audaciam,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 10; Caes. B. C. 3, 37.—With pluperf. subj.:C.Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, neque multum aestatis superesset, obsides imperat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 22.With adverbs of emphasis.1.Praesertim cum, or cum praesertim, = especially since, the more so because:2.quae cum ita sint, quid est quod de ejus civitate dubitetis, praesertim cum aliis quoque civitatibus fuerit adscriptus?
Cic. Arch. 5, 10:cur enim tibi hoc non gratificor nescio, praesertim cum his temporibus audacia pro sapientia liceat uti,
id. Fam. 1, 10, 1:cum praesertim vos alium miseritis,
id. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 22; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16 (cum praesertim rarely refers to time, with indic., Sen. Ep. 85, 6).—Quippe cum represents the conclusion as selfevident, since of course, since obviously:3.nihil est virtute amabilius, quippe cum propter virtutem etiam eos, quos numquam videmus, quodammodo diligamus,
Cic. Lael. 8, 28:numquam ego pecunias istorum, etc., in bonis rebus duxi, quippe cum viderem, etc.,
id. Par. 1, 1, 6; id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; 1, 20, 54; id. Fin. 3, 12, 41; 5, 28, 84; Liv. 4, 27, 8; 4, 57, 10.—Sometimes with indic. if cum refers to time, when of course, if, of course: tu vero etiam si reprehenderes... laetarer: quippe cum in reprehensione est prudentia cum eumeneiai, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 2.—In later writers with indic., because when:omnia experiri necessitas cogebat: quippe cum primas spes fortuna destituit, futura praesentibus videntur esse potiora,
Curt. 4, 1, 29.—Utpote cum, seeing that, explanatory, with subj.:III.me incommoda valetudo qua jam emerseram, utpote cum sine febri laborassem, tenebat Brundusii,
Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1; Cels. 1 prooem.; Sen. Cons. Marc. 21, 2.Adversative, while, whereas, denoting a logical contrast with the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., chiefly,1.With indic.:2.hei mihi, insanire me aiunt, ultro quom ipsi insaniunt,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 80; id. Stich. 1, 37; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 5; Ter. Phorm. prol. 23; 2, 2, 26.—Subj.a.By construction of principal predicate:b.tibi obtemperem quom tu mihi nequeas?
Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 16 (4, 1, 50).—Independent of construction: edepol, Cupido, quom tam pausillus sis, nimis multum vales, Naev. ap. Non. p. 421, 25 (Lubbert conjectures quom [p. 496] tu's tam pausillus):B.eo vos madefacitis, quom ego sim hic siccus?
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.With pres. subj.:2.cum de bonis et de caede agatur, testimonium dicturus est is qui et sector est et sicarius,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 103; id. Clu. 24, 65; id. Leg. 1, 7, 22:et cum tibi, viro, liceat purpura in veste stragula uti, matrem familias tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines?
Liv. 34, 7, 3; Sen. Prov. 4, 10; id. Clem. 1, 18, 2; id. Ben. 2, 16, 1.—With perf. subj.: an tu, cum omnem auctoritatem universi ordinis pro pignore putaris, eamque... concideris, me his existimas pignoribus terreri? Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 1, 4:3.indignatur exul aliquid sibi deesse, cum defuerit Scipioni dos?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 12, 7; id. Ira, 3, 12, 7; freq. pres. and perf. subj. retained, if dependent on preterites, Cic. Brut. 71, 250; id. Agr. 3, 2, 5.—With imperf. subj.:4.ita, cum maximis eum rebus liberares, perparvam amicitiae culpam relinquebas,
Cic. Deiot. 3, 10:hunc Egnatium censores, cum patrem eicerent, retinuerunt,
id. Clu. 48, 135:eorum erat V. milium numerus, cum ipsi non amplius octingentos equites haberent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 11; Liv. 1, 55, 3; Cic. de Or. 1, 1, 1; 1, 53, 227; 2, 50, 203; id. Clu. 5, 12; id. Ac. 1, 10, 38 sq.; Liv. 39, 49, 1; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11; 3, 2, 10 fin. —With pluperf. subj.:IV.Socratis ingenium immortalitati scriptis suis Plato tradidit, cum ipse litteram Socrates nullam reliquisset,
Cic. de Or. 3, 16, 60; id. Ac. 2, 1, 2; id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; Val. Max. 1, 8, 11.Concessive, although, denoting a reason for the contrary of the principal sentence.A.Ante-class., mostly with indic.1.Indic.:2.qui it lavatum In balineas, quom ibi sedulo sua vestimenta servat, Tam subripiuntur,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 52; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 12; Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 26; id. Truc. 1, 2, 89 (95); id. Stich. 1, 2, 67.—With subj.: nihilominus ipsi lucet, quom illi accenderit, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 16, 51 (Trag. Rel. v. 389 Rib.).B.Class. and post-class., always with subj.1.Pres. subj.:2.testis est Graecia, quae cum eloquentiae studio sit incensa, jamdiuque excellat in ea... tamen omnis artis vetustiores habet,
Cic. Brut. 7, 26:nam (Druentia) cum aquae vim vehat ingentem, non tamen navium patiens est,
Liv. 21, 31, 11.—Imperf. subj.:3.ego autem, cum consilium tuum probarem, et idem ipse sentirem, nihil proficiebam,
Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 1:non poterant tamen, cum cuperent, Apronium imitari,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 34, § 78; id. de Or. 1, 28, 126; id. Brut. 7, 28; 91, 314; id. Inv. 2, 31, 97; id. Clu. 40, 110; Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Liv. 5, 38, 5; Nep. Att. 13, 1; so,quae cum ita essent... tamen,
although this was so, Cic. Clu. 34, 94; id. Fam. 2, 16, 2.—With pluperf. subj.:V.cui cum Cato et Caninius intercessissent, tamen est perscripta,
Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 4:patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, jugulastis,
id. Rosc. Am. 11, 32.In hypothetical clauses, always with imperf. or pluperf. subj., = si, but defining an assumed or fictitious time.1.With imperf. subj.:2.quis ex populo, cum Scaevolam dicentem audiret in ea causa, quicquam politius aut elegantius exspectaret?
Cic. Brut. 55, 194:etiam tum quiesceretis cum rem publicam a facinorosissimis sicariis esse oppressam videretis?
id. Sest. 38, 81; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 86; id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, §§ 28 and 29.—With pluperf. subj.:quod esset judicium cum de Verris turpissimo comitatu tres recuperatorum nomine adsedissent?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30:mors cum exstinxisset invidiam, res ejus gestae sempiterni nominis glorianiterentur,
id. Balb. 6, 16. -
12 cum
- voir l'article cum de Gaffiot. [ABCU]A - cum, prép.: [st2]1 [-] avec, en compagnie de, en même temps que; ainsi que. [st2]2 [-] avec le secours de, avec pour résultat, avec un intérêt de, pour. [st2]3 [-] avec, au moyen de. - uno cum amico: avec son ami, en même temps que son ami. - locuples cum primis: l'un des plus riches. - cum eo quod (ut): avec cette circonstance que, avec la réserve que, à la condition que. - cum prima luce, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4: dès le premier rayon du jour. - esse cum imperio, Suet.: être investi de l'autorité suprême. - cum summa rei publicae salute, cum tua peste ac pernicie, proficiscere ad impium bellum ac nefarium, Cic. Cat. 1, $ 33): [avec pour résultat]= pour le salut suprême de la république, pour ton malheur et pour ta ruine, pars pour cette guerre impie et monstrueuse. - cum dis (deis) bene volentibus: avec l'aide des dieux. - bellum gerere cum aliquo, Cic.: faire la guerre à qqn. - redire cum octavo: donner huit pour cent d'intérêt. - cum silentio auditi sunt, Liv. 38, 10, 4: ils furent écoutés en silence. - esse cum telo, Cic. Verr. 2.5.3.§ 7: porter une arme. - cenare cum toga pulla, Cic.: dîner en toge noire. - olla cum aqua, Cato, R. R. 156: chaudière pleine d'eau. - reputare cum animo suo (secum cogitare): penser en soi-même. - haec secum (s.-ent. dixit): elle dit en elle-même (à part soi). [ABCU]B - cum (quom, quum), conjonction. a - avec l'indicatif: cum = lorsque, quand. - cum (primum): dès que. - cum venies, laetabor: quand tu viendras, je me réjouirai. - cum tu flebas, ego ridebam: chaque fois que tu pleurais, je riais. - cum intrabam, exibat: juste au moment où j'entrais, il sortait. - cum isto animo es, laudo te: maintenant que tu es dans ces sentiments, je te félicite. - vix (jam, nondum)... cum: à peine... que. b - avec le subjonctif: 1) cum = comme, puisque, du moment que. - cum id cupias, maneo: puisque tu le désires, je reste. 2) cum = quoique, bien que. - cum absit a culpa, accusatur: bien qu'il ne soit pas coupable, il est condamné. 3) cum + subj. imparf. ou plus-que-parf. = lorsque, alors que, après que.* * *- voir l'article cum de Gaffiot. [ABCU]A - cum, prép.: [st2]1 [-] avec, en compagnie de, en même temps que; ainsi que. [st2]2 [-] avec le secours de, avec pour résultat, avec un intérêt de, pour. [st2]3 [-] avec, au moyen de. - uno cum amico: avec son ami, en même temps que son ami. - locuples cum primis: l'un des plus riches. - cum eo quod (ut): avec cette circonstance que, avec la réserve que, à la condition que. - cum prima luce, Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4: dès le premier rayon du jour. - esse cum imperio, Suet.: être investi de l'autorité suprême. - cum summa rei publicae salute, cum tua peste ac pernicie, proficiscere ad impium bellum ac nefarium, Cic. Cat. 1, $ 33): [avec pour résultat]= pour le salut suprême de la république, pour ton malheur et pour ta ruine, pars pour cette guerre impie et monstrueuse. - cum dis (deis) bene volentibus: avec l'aide des dieux. - bellum gerere cum aliquo, Cic.: faire la guerre à qqn. - redire cum octavo: donner huit pour cent d'intérêt. - cum silentio auditi sunt, Liv. 38, 10, 4: ils furent écoutés en silence. - esse cum telo, Cic. Verr. 2.5.3.§ 7: porter une arme. - cenare cum toga pulla, Cic.: dîner en toge noire. - olla cum aqua, Cato, R. R. 156: chaudière pleine d'eau. - reputare cum animo suo (secum cogitare): penser en soi-même. - haec secum (s.-ent. dixit): elle dit en elle-même (à part soi). [ABCU]B - cum (quom, quum), conjonction. a - avec l'indicatif: cum = lorsque, quand. - cum (primum): dès que. - cum venies, laetabor: quand tu viendras, je me réjouirai. - cum tu flebas, ego ridebam: chaque fois que tu pleurais, je riais. - cum intrabam, exibat: juste au moment où j'entrais, il sortait. - cum isto animo es, laudo te: maintenant que tu es dans ces sentiments, je te félicite. - vix (jam, nondum)... cum: à peine... que. b - avec le subjonctif: 1) cum = comme, puisque, du moment que. - cum id cupias, maneo: puisque tu le désires, je reste. 2) cum = quoique, bien que. - cum absit a culpa, accusatur: bien qu'il ne soit pas coupable, il est condamné. 3) cum + subj. imparf. ou plus-que-parf. = lorsque, alors que, après que.* * *Cum, praepositio, ablatiuo casui seruit. Avec, Ensemble.\Recordari cum animo. Cic. En soymesme.\Multis modis cum istoc animo es vituperandus. Terent. D'avoir tel courage.\Cum catenis esse. Plaut. Estre enchainé.\Sic Cum causa dicere: cui opponitur Sine causa. Cic. Avoir cause et raison de faire ou dire quelque chose.\Cum clamore inuolare. Plaut. Avec cri, En criant.\Cum cura legere. Plaut. Avec soing, Soigneusement, En y prenant garde.\Cum decimo ager effert, vel efficit. Cic. Quand une terre rend dix pour un.\Cum dicto faciem suam prae pudore obtexit. Apuleius. En ce disant, Tout soubdain, A peine avoit il achevé le mot.\Cum diluculo abiit. Plaut. Dés le poinct du jour.\Duo iuuenes cum equis. Cic. Ayans chevaulx, A cheval.\Cum fide. Sueton. Fidelement, Loyaulment.\Cum fide persoluere. Quintil. Payer jusques au dernier denier.\Cum fide magna. Virgil. Plaut. Qui est fort loyal.\Cum bona gratia dimittere aliquem. Cic. En sorte qu'il soit content de nous.\Cum imperio esse. Cic. Quum esses cum imperio. Lors que tu estois Magistrat, ayant empire et souveraine puissance.\Cum labore scribere. Plin. iunior. Avec travail.\Cum laetitia viuere. Cic. Avec joye, Joyeusement.\Cum prima luce. Terent. Cic. Dés le poinct du jour.\Dicere cum metu. Cic. Avec crainte, Craintivement.\Cum onere moram afferre alicui. Plaut. Retarger une personne chargee.\Cum pace aliquid facere. Ci. En paix, Paisiblement, Sans s'esmouvoir.\Cum periculo. Terent. Avec danger.\Cum potestate esse. Cic. Avoir charge de par le peuple de quelque negoce public.\Cum primis. Plaut. En premier lieu, Principalement, Tout premierement.\Homo cum primis honestus. Cic. Fort honneste, Des premiers en honnesteté, Un des honnestes qu'on trouve point.\Cum probro. Terent. Avec tresgrand deshonneur.\Cum querimonia. Plaut. Avec complainte et mal contentement.\Cum re praesenti deliberare. Quintil. Prendre conseil et advis selon qu'on voira la chose, Selon l'estat et nature de la cause.\Quod cum salute eius fiat. Terent. Pourveu que ce soit sa santé, ou que mal ne luy en advienne, Dieu vueille que ce soit sa santé.\Cum silentio animaduertere. Terent. Sans dire mot.\Cum bona spe adolescentes. Sallust. Desquels on a grande esperance.\Cum bona venia audire. Liu. Ouir sans se malcontenter de ce qu'on oit dire, N'estre mal content de ce qu'on dit.\Obsequar voluntati tuae, cum eo, ne dubites id, etc. Colum. Par tel si, Pourveu que, A la charge que.\Simul consilium cum re amisisti. Terent. Avec les biens.\Indicatiuo. Terent. Cum huc respicio ad virginem. Ce pendant que, etc.\Nonnihil me consolatur, cum recordor quanta, etc. Cic. Quand.\Subiunctiuo. Terent. Cum ipsum me noris, quam elegans formarum spectator siem. Veu que.\Neque cum rogites quid sit, audet dicere. Terent. Quand, ou Si.\Cum, Vix. Plaut. Cum sedulo muntiter nos habemus, vix aegre amatorculos inuenimus. Ja soit, ou Combien que.\Cum placo, aduersor sedulo et deterreo: Tamen vix humane patitur. Terent. Quand je le veulx appaiser, je luy resiste fort et ferme, et le blasme: et neantmoins encore ne peult il bonnement endurer.\Cum in omnibus causis grauioribus initio dicendi commoueri soleam, tamen in hac multa ita me perturbant, etc. Cic. Ja soit, ou Combien que, etc.\- isthaec cum ita sint, Tanto magis te aduigilare aequum est. Terent. Puis que les choses vont ainsi.\Cum hoc non possum, illud minus possem. Terent. Puis que je ne puis cestuy ci, ou Veu que, etc.\Cum, pro Quod. Plaut. Cum istaec res male euenit, tibi Gripe gratulor. Je suis fort joyeulx que, etc.\Ego redigam vos in gratiam, hoc fretus, Chreme, Cum de medio excessit, vnde haec suscepta est tibi. Terent. Puisque.\Cum, pro Praeterea. Terent. - quandoquidem est ingenio bono, Cunque huic veritus est optimae adolescenti facere iniuriam. Et avec ce vous voyez qu'il a craint, etc.\Cum id mihi placebat, tum vno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere. Terent. Oultre ce que cela me plaisoit, tous, etc.\Indicatiuo, et primo modo. Quintil. Quod cum omnibus confitendum est, tum nobis praecipue, etc. Oultre ce que tout le monde le doibt confesser, nous par plus forte raison, etc.\Secundo modo. Cic. Luxuria cum omni aetati turpis, tum senectuti foedissima est. Avec ce qu'elle est deshonneste à tous, encores l'est elle plus à vieillars.\Coniunctiuo. Cic. Qui cum suis laudibus, tum vero te filio, superasset omnium fortunam, si ei contigisset vt, etc. Avec ce que, etc. Encores plus fort, etc.\Cum et Tum, cum diuersis casibus. Plin. iun. Ianuarius mensis, cum propter caetera, tum Senatorum frequentia celeberrimus. Au mois de Janvier il y a grande affluence de peuple en la ville, mesmement des Senateurs.\Cum et Tum, distincta per adiectiua. Cic. Factum est vti cum summum in veteribus patronis mulris, tum nonnullum etiam in me praesidium suis fortunis constitutum esse arbitrarentur. Il est advenu que avec le tresgrand adpuy et support qu'ils pensoyent avoir pour la defence de leurs biens et fortunes en plusieurs personnages qui sont de leurs patrons de toute ancienneté, ils ont aussi pensé avoir quelque secours de moy.\Iam biennium est, cum mecum ille esse coepit. Plaut. Il y a ja deux ans que cestuy là a commencé d'estre avec moy.\Diu est cum dentes exciderunt. Plaut. Il y a ja long temps que, etc.\Nondum sex menses Megaribus huc est cum commigrauit. Plaut. Il n'y a pas encores six mois qu'il est venu, etc.\Dies nondum decem intercesserant, cum ille alter filius infans necatur. Cic. Il n'y avoit pas encores dix jours passez lors que, etc.\Si vnquam vllum fuit tempus mater, cum ego voluptati tibi fuerim. Terent. Auquel, etc.\Tu omnia consilia differebas in id tempus, cum sciremus quae Brundusii acta essent. Cic. Auquel nous sceussions ce qui auroit esté faict, etc.\Vtinam illum diem videam, cum tibi gratias agam. Cic. Auquel je te puisse remercier.\Praesertim quum se seruum fateatur tuum. Terent. Veu mesmement, Attendu mesmement que, etc.\Id structurae vitium cum primum statim fundamenta iaciuntur, euitandum est. Columel. Dés incontinent qu'on fait les fondemens, Deslors que, etc. Dés le premier commencement que, etc.\Id sexies euenit per annos: cum minimum quater. Plin. A tout le moins, Du moins, ou Pour le moins.\Pariunt vere primo cum plurimum sena oua. Plin. Pour le plus.\Amabat, vt cum maxime, tum Pamphilus. Terent. Il l'aimoit de telle amour qu'on a accoustumé d'aimer quand on aime souverainement.\Multos iam annos, et nunc cum maxime, filium interfectum cupit. Cic. Et à ceste heure plus fort que devant.\Erumpit a primo satu hordeum die septimo, legumina quarto, vel cum tardissime septimo. Plin. Pour le plus tard.\Cum semel exieris, centum solatia, etc. Ouid. Incontinent que, etc. Apres que tu seras une fois sorti, etc. Ou si tu es une fois sorti, etc. -
13 Güte
Güte, I) gute Beschaffenheit: bonitas (z.B. soli). – natürliche G., naturae bonitas: G. des Herzens, s. Herzensgüte. – II) Milde, Gelindigkeit des Sinnes und Handelns: benignitas animi od. bl. benignitas (gütige Gesinnung, die sich auch durch Handlungen äußert). – humanitas (menschenfreundlicher, wohlwollender Sinn, der sich auch im Benehmen gegen andere zeigt). – comitas (Zuvorkommenheit, Gefälligkeit, Freundlichkeit). – clementia (gnädige Gesinnung). – lenitas (milde Gesinnung). – indulgentia (schonende u. nachsichtige Behandlung, z.B. die G. Gottes, indulg. dei od. divina). – facilitas (die Willfährigkeit, sich in anderer Wünsche zu fügen, die Hingebung). – beneficentia (Guttätigkeit, Mildtätigkeit). – liberalitas (Güte, die sich in Handlungen der Freigebigkeit zeigt). – jmdm. viel G. erweisen, erzeigen, plurimum benignitatis in alqm conferre: den Weg der G. einschlagen, leniter agere (gelinde verfahren); aequas condiciones ferre (billige Bedingungen stellen). – mit Güte, s. gütig (Adv.). – in Güte, in der [1187] Güte (= gütlich), bona cum gratia: auch bl. cum gratia oder per bonam gratiam: die Sache in G. (gütlich) abmachen, beilegen, den Weg der G. einschlagen, componere rem bona cum gratia (übh.); rem peragere intra parietes (die Sache zwischen den eigenen vier Wänden, nicht vor Gericht, abmachen); rem ad otium deducere (es nicht zum Kriege kommen lassen): die Sache mit jmd. in G. abmachen, sich mit jmd. in G. abfinden (nachdem schon prozessiert worden), decīdere cum alqo. – sehr viel Güte! s. »sehr gütig« unter »gütig (Adv.)«. – jmdm. eine G. (gütlich) tun, alci benigne facere. – sich eine G. (gütlich) tun, facere sibi suaviter. benigne se tractare. sibi indulgere (übh.); largiter se invitare, auch mit dem Zus. cibo vinoque (mit Speise u. Trank); corpus (bene) curare (den Leib pflegen).
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14 impetro
impĕtro ( inp-), āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic inf. pres. pass. impetrarier, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 40; inf. fut. act. impetrassere, id. Aul. 4, 7, 6; id. Cas. 2, 3, 53; id. Mil. 4, 3, 35; id. Stich. 1, 2, 23), v. a. [in-patro], to accomplish, effect, bring to pass; to get, obtain, procure, esp. by exertion, request, entreaty (class.; cf.: obtineo, adipiscor, consequor).I.In gen., constr. with acc., ut, ne, the simple subj., or absol.(α).With acc.:(β).quod volui, ut volo, impetravi per amicitiam et gratiam a Philocomasio,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 1:istuc confido a fratre me impetrassere,
id. Aul. 4, 7, 6:a me istam exceptionem numquam impetrabunt,
Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 97:ei Dolabella rogatu meo civitatem a Caesare impetravit,
id. Fam. 13, 36, 1:decet abs te id impetrarier,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 40:in omni re considerandum est et quid postules ab amico et quid patiare a te impetrari,
Cic. Lael. 20, 76; cf. id. ib. 11, 38:dum id impetrant,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 37; 1, 2, 17:cum istuc, quod postulo, impetro cum gratia,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 11; id. Ad. 3, 4, 44:uti ea, quae vellent, impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 2:(chorus) Impetrat et pacem et locupletem frugibus annum,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 137:restitutionem patris,
Quint. 7, 1, 42; 11, 3, 4:provinciam,
id. 6, 3, 68: post impetratam studiis meis [p. 903] quietem, id. Prooem. §1: impetrato Fortis Augusti reditu,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 42.—With ut, ne, or the simple subj.: Cl. Quid, si ego impetro atque exoro a vilico, causa mea Ut eam illi permittat? St. Quid si ego ab armigero impetro, Eam illi permittat? atque hoc, credo, impetrassere, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 51 sq.:(γ). * With acc.impetrabis igitur a Caesare, ut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1; Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 7, 26:a Sequanis impetrat, ut per fines suos ire Helvetios patiantur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 9 fin.:verbisne istis, ut pugnent, te impetraturum credis,
Liv. 2, 46, 6:postremo impetravi, ut ne quid ei succenseat,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 4:suadeo, a te impetres, ne sis nugax,
Petr. 52:tandem impetravi abiret,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 190.— Pass. impers.: aegre ab iis impetratum est summa tribunorum plebis contentione, ut in senatu recitarentur (litterae);ut vero ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari non potuit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 1; Plin. 16, 32, 59, § 136.—In abl. of the part. perf.:impetrato, ut manerent,
Liv. 9, 30, 10; Vell. 2, 107, 2.—and inf.:(δ).Agrippina in oppidum Ubiorum veteranos coloniamque deduci impetrat,
Tac. A. 12, 27.—Absol.:II.incipere multo est quam impetrare facilius,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 14:hilarus exit, impetravit,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 62; id. As. 3, 3, 131: Ca. Jus hic orat. Ly. Impetrabit te advocato atque arbitro, id. Trin. 5, 2, 37:quid attinet dicere, si contendisset, impetraturum non fuisse, cum, etc.?
Cic. Lael. 11, 39:si id ita fecisset... si non impetraret, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 35, 4:cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,
id. ib. 6, 2, 2:simul, ut, si quid possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent,
id. ib. 4, 13, 5; id. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; cf.:sperare, ab eo de sua ac militum salute impetrare posse,
id. B. G. 5, 36, 3; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2.—Esp.: impetras, you have your request, i. e. I will do as you desire, nolo ames. Pae. Facile impetras, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 63: adpropera! age, amabo! Mu. Impetras, abeo, id. Cas. 2, 2, 39; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 119; id. Cas. 2, 3, 17.—Esp.A.Like impetrio:B.exstat annalium memoria, sacris quibusdam et precationibus vel cogi fulmina vel impetrari, etc.,
Plin. 2, 53, 54, § 140.—In mal. part., to obtain, get possession of:ut superior sis mihi quam quisquam qui impetrant,
Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 10. -
15 inpetro
impĕtro ( inp-), āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic inf. pres. pass. impetrarier, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 40; inf. fut. act. impetrassere, id. Aul. 4, 7, 6; id. Cas. 2, 3, 53; id. Mil. 4, 3, 35; id. Stich. 1, 2, 23), v. a. [in-patro], to accomplish, effect, bring to pass; to get, obtain, procure, esp. by exertion, request, entreaty (class.; cf.: obtineo, adipiscor, consequor).I.In gen., constr. with acc., ut, ne, the simple subj., or absol.(α).With acc.:(β).quod volui, ut volo, impetravi per amicitiam et gratiam a Philocomasio,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 1:istuc confido a fratre me impetrassere,
id. Aul. 4, 7, 6:a me istam exceptionem numquam impetrabunt,
Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 97:ei Dolabella rogatu meo civitatem a Caesare impetravit,
id. Fam. 13, 36, 1:decet abs te id impetrarier,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 40:in omni re considerandum est et quid postules ab amico et quid patiare a te impetrari,
Cic. Lael. 20, 76; cf. id. ib. 11, 38:dum id impetrant,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 37; 1, 2, 17:cum istuc, quod postulo, impetro cum gratia,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 11; id. Ad. 3, 4, 44:uti ea, quae vellent, impetrarent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 2:(chorus) Impetrat et pacem et locupletem frugibus annum,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 137:restitutionem patris,
Quint. 7, 1, 42; 11, 3, 4:provinciam,
id. 6, 3, 68: post impetratam studiis meis [p. 903] quietem, id. Prooem. §1: impetrato Fortis Augusti reditu,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 42.—With ut, ne, or the simple subj.: Cl. Quid, si ego impetro atque exoro a vilico, causa mea Ut eam illi permittat? St. Quid si ego ab armigero impetro, Eam illi permittat? atque hoc, credo, impetrassere, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 51 sq.:(γ). * With acc.impetrabis igitur a Caesare, ut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 1; Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 7, 26:a Sequanis impetrat, ut per fines suos ire Helvetios patiantur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 9 fin.:verbisne istis, ut pugnent, te impetraturum credis,
Liv. 2, 46, 6:postremo impetravi, ut ne quid ei succenseat,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 4:suadeo, a te impetres, ne sis nugax,
Petr. 52:tandem impetravi abiret,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 190.— Pass. impers.: aegre ab iis impetratum est summa tribunorum plebis contentione, ut in senatu recitarentur (litterae);ut vero ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari non potuit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 1; Plin. 16, 32, 59, § 136.—In abl. of the part. perf.:impetrato, ut manerent,
Liv. 9, 30, 10; Vell. 2, 107, 2.—and inf.:(δ).Agrippina in oppidum Ubiorum veteranos coloniamque deduci impetrat,
Tac. A. 12, 27.—Absol.:II.incipere multo est quam impetrare facilius,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 14:hilarus exit, impetravit,
id. Mil. 4, 4, 62; id. As. 3, 3, 131: Ca. Jus hic orat. Ly. Impetrabit te advocato atque arbitro, id. Trin. 5, 2, 37:quid attinet dicere, si contendisset, impetraturum non fuisse, cum, etc.?
Cic. Lael. 11, 39:si id ita fecisset... si non impetraret, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 35, 4:cum ab proximis impetrare non possent, ulteriores tentant,
id. ib. 6, 2, 2:simul, ut, si quid possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent,
id. ib. 4, 13, 5; id. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; cf.:sperare, ab eo de sua ac militum salute impetrare posse,
id. B. G. 5, 36, 3; Hirt. ap. Cic. Att. 15, 6, 2.—Esp.: impetras, you have your request, i. e. I will do as you desire, nolo ames. Pae. Facile impetras, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 63: adpropera! age, amabo! Mu. Impetras, abeo, id. Cas. 2, 2, 39; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 119; id. Cas. 2, 3, 17.—Esp.A.Like impetrio:B.exstat annalium memoria, sacris quibusdam et precationibus vel cogi fulmina vel impetrari, etc.,
Plin. 2, 53, 54, § 140.—In mal. part., to obtain, get possession of:ut superior sis mihi quam quisquam qui impetrant,
Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 10. -
16 Zufriedenheit
Zufriedenheit, animi aequitas (Gleichmut in beschränkter Lage). – tranquillitas animi. animus tranquillus (Gemütsruhe, Freiheit von Leidenschaften u. Begierden). – hilaritas. animus hilaris (Heiterkeit, Fröhlichkeit). – approbatio (Zustimmung zu etwas, Zufriedenheit mit etwas). – in Z. leben, sorte suā contentum vivere (mit seinem Los zufrieden leben); tranquille vivere (ruhig leben). – zur Z., cum gratia (s. Ter. Andr. 422): zu meiner großen Z., cum magna mea voluptate (zu meinem großen Vergnügen): zur allgemeinen Z., cunctis approbantibus; cum omnium laude: jmdm. seine Z. bezeigen, laudare, collaudare alqm: über etwas seine Z. bezeigen, probare alqd: sich die allgemeine Z. erwerben, omnium laudem si bi parĕre od. colligere.
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17 Venereae
1.Vĕnus, ĕris ( gen. sing. VENERVS, Inscr. Orell. 1364), f. [v. veneror], the goddess of Love, the goddess Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59 sq.; id. Div. 1, 13, 23; id. Or. 2, 5; id. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135; Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 6; Lucr. 1, 2; Hor. C. 1, 30, 1:B.filius Veneris,
i. e. Cupid, Ov. M. 1, 463; cf.puerum,
id. Am. 1, 10, 17; also Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 325; and in jest, Venere prognatus, of C. Julius Cœar, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2:Veneris mensis,
i. e. April, Ov. F. 4, 61.—Transf.1.Love, sexual love, venery (as euphemism freq.):2.sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 6:Venus trivio conmissa,
Prop. 4 (5), 7, 19; Verg. G. 3, 97; Ov. M. 10, 80; 10, 434; 11, 306; 12, 198; App. M. 1, p. 106, 13; Quint. 8, 6, 24; Tac. G. 20; Col. 6, 27, 10.—Like the Engl. love, to denote a beloved object, beloved:3.nec veneres nostras hoc fallit,
Lucr. 4, 1185:mea Venus,
Verg. E. 3, 68; Hor. C. 1, 27, 14; 1, 33, 13.—Qualities that excite love, loveliness, attractiveness, beauty, grace, elegance, charms (sing. and plur.;4.not in Cic.): quo fugit venus? quo color? decens Quo motus?
Hor. C. 4, 13, 17:ac bene nummatum decorat suadela venusque,
id. Ep. 1, 6, 38; id. A. P. 42; Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 1:fabula nullius veneris sine pondere et arte,
Hor. A. P. 320:sermo ipse Romanus non recipere videatur illam solis concessam Atticis venerem,
Quint. 10, 1, 100:quod cum gratiā quādam et venere dicatur,
id. 6, 3, 18; so (with gratia) id. 4, 2, 116.—Of paintings: deesse iis unam illam suam venerem dicebat, quam Graeci charita vocant,
Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 79.— Plur.:profecto Amoenitates omnium venerum atque venustatum adfero,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5:Isocrates omnes dicendi veneres sectatus est,
Quint. 10, 1, 79.—The planet Venus, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; id. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—5.The highest throw at dice, when each of the dice presented a different number, the Venus throw, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 45; Hor. C. 2, 7, 25; Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71; cf. in the foll.—II.Derivv.: or , a, um, adj., of or belonging to Venus:B.sacerdos,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 23:antistita,
id. ib. 3, 2, 10:nepotulus,
id. Mil. 5, 20; 5, 28:nutricatus,
id. ib. 3, 1, 54:servi,
temple-slaves of the Erycinian Venus in Sicily, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50; 2, 5, 54, § 141; v. also infra, B. 2.: res, voluptates, etc., of or belonging to sexual love, venereous, venereal, Cic. Sen. 14, 47; id. Div. 2, 69, 143:visa,
Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 166; Col. 12, 4, 3; cf. in a pun: homo, belonging to Venus and lascivious (of Verres), Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:delphinus,
wanton, Gell. 7, 8, 1:nostros quoque antiquiores poëtas amasios et Venerios fuisse,
id. 19, 9, 9:pira,
a kind of pear, Venus-pear, Col. 5, 10, 18; 12, 10, 4; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56.—Substt.1.Vĕnĕrĕus ( Vĕnĕrĭus), i, m. (i. e. jactus), the Venus-throw at dice (v. supra, I. B. 5.), Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23; 2, 21, 48; 2, 59, 121; also Vĕnĕrĕum, i, n.: hoc Venereum [p. 1971] est, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 55.—2.Vĕnĕrĕi ( Vĕnĕrĭi), ōrum, m. (i. e. servi), the templeslaves of the Erycinian Venus (v. supra), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 92; 2, 3, 25, § 61; id. Clu. 15, 43.—3.Vĕnĕrĕae ( Vĕnĕrĭae), ārum, f. (i. e. conchae), a kind of mussels, Venus-shell, Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 103; 32, 11, 53, § 151.2.vēnus, ūs, m., or vēnum ( vaen-), i, n. (occurring only in the forms venui, veno, and venum) [Gr. ônos, price; ônê, purchase; cf. Sanscr. vasuas, price; vasuam, wages; and perh. Germ. Gewinn], sale.a.Dat.(α).Form venui (late Lat.):(β).rogavit haberetne venui lacte?
App. M. 8, p. 210, 12:cantherium venui subicere,
id. ib. 8, p. 221, 29.—Form veno (post-Aug.):b.posita veno irritamenta luxus,
Tac. A. 14, 15:quae veno exercerent,
id. ib. 13, 51.—Acc. venum (class.):dare aliquem venum,
to sell, Liv. 24, 47, 6:venum cuncta dari,
Claud. in Rufin. 1, 179;hence the compound venumdo, q. v.: ut ejus familia ad aedem Cereris venum iret,
Liv. 3, 55, 7:pileatos servos venum solitos ire,
Gell. 7, 4, 1:venum iturum,
Sen. Const. 3, 2:seque et sua tradita venum Castra videt,
Luc. 4, 206:venum redibat,
Claud. in Eutr. 1, 37. -
18 Venerei
1.Vĕnus, ĕris ( gen. sing. VENERVS, Inscr. Orell. 1364), f. [v. veneror], the goddess of Love, the goddess Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59 sq.; id. Div. 1, 13, 23; id. Or. 2, 5; id. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135; Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 6; Lucr. 1, 2; Hor. C. 1, 30, 1:B.filius Veneris,
i. e. Cupid, Ov. M. 1, 463; cf.puerum,
id. Am. 1, 10, 17; also Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 325; and in jest, Venere prognatus, of C. Julius Cœar, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2:Veneris mensis,
i. e. April, Ov. F. 4, 61.—Transf.1.Love, sexual love, venery (as euphemism freq.):2.sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 6:Venus trivio conmissa,
Prop. 4 (5), 7, 19; Verg. G. 3, 97; Ov. M. 10, 80; 10, 434; 11, 306; 12, 198; App. M. 1, p. 106, 13; Quint. 8, 6, 24; Tac. G. 20; Col. 6, 27, 10.—Like the Engl. love, to denote a beloved object, beloved:3.nec veneres nostras hoc fallit,
Lucr. 4, 1185:mea Venus,
Verg. E. 3, 68; Hor. C. 1, 27, 14; 1, 33, 13.—Qualities that excite love, loveliness, attractiveness, beauty, grace, elegance, charms (sing. and plur.;4.not in Cic.): quo fugit venus? quo color? decens Quo motus?
Hor. C. 4, 13, 17:ac bene nummatum decorat suadela venusque,
id. Ep. 1, 6, 38; id. A. P. 42; Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 1:fabula nullius veneris sine pondere et arte,
Hor. A. P. 320:sermo ipse Romanus non recipere videatur illam solis concessam Atticis venerem,
Quint. 10, 1, 100:quod cum gratiā quādam et venere dicatur,
id. 6, 3, 18; so (with gratia) id. 4, 2, 116.—Of paintings: deesse iis unam illam suam venerem dicebat, quam Graeci charita vocant,
Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 79.— Plur.:profecto Amoenitates omnium venerum atque venustatum adfero,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5:Isocrates omnes dicendi veneres sectatus est,
Quint. 10, 1, 79.—The planet Venus, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; id. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—5.The highest throw at dice, when each of the dice presented a different number, the Venus throw, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 45; Hor. C. 2, 7, 25; Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71; cf. in the foll.—II.Derivv.: or , a, um, adj., of or belonging to Venus:B.sacerdos,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 23:antistita,
id. ib. 3, 2, 10:nepotulus,
id. Mil. 5, 20; 5, 28:nutricatus,
id. ib. 3, 1, 54:servi,
temple-slaves of the Erycinian Venus in Sicily, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50; 2, 5, 54, § 141; v. also infra, B. 2.: res, voluptates, etc., of or belonging to sexual love, venereous, venereal, Cic. Sen. 14, 47; id. Div. 2, 69, 143:visa,
Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 166; Col. 12, 4, 3; cf. in a pun: homo, belonging to Venus and lascivious (of Verres), Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:delphinus,
wanton, Gell. 7, 8, 1:nostros quoque antiquiores poëtas amasios et Venerios fuisse,
id. 19, 9, 9:pira,
a kind of pear, Venus-pear, Col. 5, 10, 18; 12, 10, 4; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56.—Substt.1.Vĕnĕrĕus ( Vĕnĕrĭus), i, m. (i. e. jactus), the Venus-throw at dice (v. supra, I. B. 5.), Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23; 2, 21, 48; 2, 59, 121; also Vĕnĕrĕum, i, n.: hoc Venereum [p. 1971] est, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 55.—2.Vĕnĕrĕi ( Vĕnĕrĭi), ōrum, m. (i. e. servi), the templeslaves of the Erycinian Venus (v. supra), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 92; 2, 3, 25, § 61; id. Clu. 15, 43.—3.Vĕnĕrĕae ( Vĕnĕrĭae), ārum, f. (i. e. conchae), a kind of mussels, Venus-shell, Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 103; 32, 11, 53, § 151.2.vēnus, ūs, m., or vēnum ( vaen-), i, n. (occurring only in the forms venui, veno, and venum) [Gr. ônos, price; ônê, purchase; cf. Sanscr. vasuas, price; vasuam, wages; and perh. Germ. Gewinn], sale.a.Dat.(α).Form venui (late Lat.):(β).rogavit haberetne venui lacte?
App. M. 8, p. 210, 12:cantherium venui subicere,
id. ib. 8, p. 221, 29.—Form veno (post-Aug.):b.posita veno irritamenta luxus,
Tac. A. 14, 15:quae veno exercerent,
id. ib. 13, 51.—Acc. venum (class.):dare aliquem venum,
to sell, Liv. 24, 47, 6:venum cuncta dari,
Claud. in Rufin. 1, 179;hence the compound venumdo, q. v.: ut ejus familia ad aedem Cereris venum iret,
Liv. 3, 55, 7:pileatos servos venum solitos ire,
Gell. 7, 4, 1:venum iturum,
Sen. Const. 3, 2:seque et sua tradita venum Castra videt,
Luc. 4, 206:venum redibat,
Claud. in Eutr. 1, 37. -
19 Venereum
1.Vĕnus, ĕris ( gen. sing. VENERVS, Inscr. Orell. 1364), f. [v. veneror], the goddess of Love, the goddess Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59 sq.; id. Div. 1, 13, 23; id. Or. 2, 5; id. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135; Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 6; Lucr. 1, 2; Hor. C. 1, 30, 1:B.filius Veneris,
i. e. Cupid, Ov. M. 1, 463; cf.puerum,
id. Am. 1, 10, 17; also Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 325; and in jest, Venere prognatus, of C. Julius Cœar, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2:Veneris mensis,
i. e. April, Ov. F. 4, 61.—Transf.1.Love, sexual love, venery (as euphemism freq.):2.sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 6:Venus trivio conmissa,
Prop. 4 (5), 7, 19; Verg. G. 3, 97; Ov. M. 10, 80; 10, 434; 11, 306; 12, 198; App. M. 1, p. 106, 13; Quint. 8, 6, 24; Tac. G. 20; Col. 6, 27, 10.—Like the Engl. love, to denote a beloved object, beloved:3.nec veneres nostras hoc fallit,
Lucr. 4, 1185:mea Venus,
Verg. E. 3, 68; Hor. C. 1, 27, 14; 1, 33, 13.—Qualities that excite love, loveliness, attractiveness, beauty, grace, elegance, charms (sing. and plur.;4.not in Cic.): quo fugit venus? quo color? decens Quo motus?
Hor. C. 4, 13, 17:ac bene nummatum decorat suadela venusque,
id. Ep. 1, 6, 38; id. A. P. 42; Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 1:fabula nullius veneris sine pondere et arte,
Hor. A. P. 320:sermo ipse Romanus non recipere videatur illam solis concessam Atticis venerem,
Quint. 10, 1, 100:quod cum gratiā quādam et venere dicatur,
id. 6, 3, 18; so (with gratia) id. 4, 2, 116.—Of paintings: deesse iis unam illam suam venerem dicebat, quam Graeci charita vocant,
Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 79.— Plur.:profecto Amoenitates omnium venerum atque venustatum adfero,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5:Isocrates omnes dicendi veneres sectatus est,
Quint. 10, 1, 79.—The planet Venus, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; id. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—5.The highest throw at dice, when each of the dice presented a different number, the Venus throw, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 45; Hor. C. 2, 7, 25; Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71; cf. in the foll.—II.Derivv.: or , a, um, adj., of or belonging to Venus:B.sacerdos,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 23:antistita,
id. ib. 3, 2, 10:nepotulus,
id. Mil. 5, 20; 5, 28:nutricatus,
id. ib. 3, 1, 54:servi,
temple-slaves of the Erycinian Venus in Sicily, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50; 2, 5, 54, § 141; v. also infra, B. 2.: res, voluptates, etc., of or belonging to sexual love, venereous, venereal, Cic. Sen. 14, 47; id. Div. 2, 69, 143:visa,
Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 166; Col. 12, 4, 3; cf. in a pun: homo, belonging to Venus and lascivious (of Verres), Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:delphinus,
wanton, Gell. 7, 8, 1:nostros quoque antiquiores poëtas amasios et Venerios fuisse,
id. 19, 9, 9:pira,
a kind of pear, Venus-pear, Col. 5, 10, 18; 12, 10, 4; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56.—Substt.1.Vĕnĕrĕus ( Vĕnĕrĭus), i, m. (i. e. jactus), the Venus-throw at dice (v. supra, I. B. 5.), Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23; 2, 21, 48; 2, 59, 121; also Vĕnĕrĕum, i, n.: hoc Venereum [p. 1971] est, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 55.—2.Vĕnĕrĕi ( Vĕnĕrĭi), ōrum, m. (i. e. servi), the templeslaves of the Erycinian Venus (v. supra), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 92; 2, 3, 25, § 61; id. Clu. 15, 43.—3.Vĕnĕrĕae ( Vĕnĕrĭae), ārum, f. (i. e. conchae), a kind of mussels, Venus-shell, Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 103; 32, 11, 53, § 151.2.vēnus, ūs, m., or vēnum ( vaen-), i, n. (occurring only in the forms venui, veno, and venum) [Gr. ônos, price; ônê, purchase; cf. Sanscr. vasuas, price; vasuam, wages; and perh. Germ. Gewinn], sale.a.Dat.(α).Form venui (late Lat.):(β).rogavit haberetne venui lacte?
App. M. 8, p. 210, 12:cantherium venui subicere,
id. ib. 8, p. 221, 29.—Form veno (post-Aug.):b.posita veno irritamenta luxus,
Tac. A. 14, 15:quae veno exercerent,
id. ib. 13, 51.—Acc. venum (class.):dare aliquem venum,
to sell, Liv. 24, 47, 6:venum cuncta dari,
Claud. in Rufin. 1, 179;hence the compound venumdo, q. v.: ut ejus familia ad aedem Cereris venum iret,
Liv. 3, 55, 7:pileatos servos venum solitos ire,
Gell. 7, 4, 1:venum iturum,
Sen. Const. 3, 2:seque et sua tradita venum Castra videt,
Luc. 4, 206:venum redibat,
Claud. in Eutr. 1, 37. -
20 Veneriae
1.Vĕnus, ĕris ( gen. sing. VENERVS, Inscr. Orell. 1364), f. [v. veneror], the goddess of Love, the goddess Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59 sq.; id. Div. 1, 13, 23; id. Or. 2, 5; id. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135; Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 6; Lucr. 1, 2; Hor. C. 1, 30, 1:B.filius Veneris,
i. e. Cupid, Ov. M. 1, 463; cf.puerum,
id. Am. 1, 10, 17; also Æneas, Verg. A. 1, 325; and in jest, Venere prognatus, of C. Julius Cœar, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2:Veneris mensis,
i. e. April, Ov. F. 4, 61.—Transf.1.Love, sexual love, venery (as euphemism freq.):2.sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,
Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 6:Venus trivio conmissa,
Prop. 4 (5), 7, 19; Verg. G. 3, 97; Ov. M. 10, 80; 10, 434; 11, 306; 12, 198; App. M. 1, p. 106, 13; Quint. 8, 6, 24; Tac. G. 20; Col. 6, 27, 10.—Like the Engl. love, to denote a beloved object, beloved:3.nec veneres nostras hoc fallit,
Lucr. 4, 1185:mea Venus,
Verg. E. 3, 68; Hor. C. 1, 27, 14; 1, 33, 13.—Qualities that excite love, loveliness, attractiveness, beauty, grace, elegance, charms (sing. and plur.;4.not in Cic.): quo fugit venus? quo color? decens Quo motus?
Hor. C. 4, 13, 17:ac bene nummatum decorat suadela venusque,
id. Ep. 1, 6, 38; id. A. P. 42; Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 1:fabula nullius veneris sine pondere et arte,
Hor. A. P. 320:sermo ipse Romanus non recipere videatur illam solis concessam Atticis venerem,
Quint. 10, 1, 100:quod cum gratiā quādam et venere dicatur,
id. 6, 3, 18; so (with gratia) id. 4, 2, 116.—Of paintings: deesse iis unam illam suam venerem dicebat, quam Graeci charita vocant,
Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 79.— Plur.:profecto Amoenitates omnium venerum atque venustatum adfero,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 5:Isocrates omnes dicendi veneres sectatus est,
Quint. 10, 1, 79.—The planet Venus, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53; id. Rep. 6, 17, 17.—5.The highest throw at dice, when each of the dice presented a different number, the Venus throw, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 45; Hor. C. 2, 7, 25; Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71; cf. in the foll.—II.Derivv.: or , a, um, adj., of or belonging to Venus:B.sacerdos,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 23:antistita,
id. ib. 3, 2, 10:nepotulus,
id. Mil. 5, 20; 5, 28:nutricatus,
id. ib. 3, 1, 54:servi,
temple-slaves of the Erycinian Venus in Sicily, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50; 2, 5, 54, § 141; v. also infra, B. 2.: res, voluptates, etc., of or belonging to sexual love, venereous, venereal, Cic. Sen. 14, 47; id. Div. 2, 69, 143:visa,
Plin. 34, 18, 50, § 166; Col. 12, 4, 3; cf. in a pun: homo, belonging to Venus and lascivious (of Verres), Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:delphinus,
wanton, Gell. 7, 8, 1:nostros quoque antiquiores poëtas amasios et Venerios fuisse,
id. 19, 9, 9:pira,
a kind of pear, Venus-pear, Col. 5, 10, 18; 12, 10, 4; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56.—Substt.1.Vĕnĕrĕus ( Vĕnĕrĭus), i, m. (i. e. jactus), the Venus-throw at dice (v. supra, I. B. 5.), Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23; 2, 21, 48; 2, 59, 121; also Vĕnĕrĕum, i, n.: hoc Venereum [p. 1971] est, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 55.—2.Vĕnĕrĕi ( Vĕnĕrĭi), ōrum, m. (i. e. servi), the templeslaves of the Erycinian Venus (v. supra), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 92; 2, 3, 25, § 61; id. Clu. 15, 43.—3.Vĕnĕrĕae ( Vĕnĕrĭae), ārum, f. (i. e. conchae), a kind of mussels, Venus-shell, Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 103; 32, 11, 53, § 151.2.vēnus, ūs, m., or vēnum ( vaen-), i, n. (occurring only in the forms venui, veno, and venum) [Gr. ônos, price; ônê, purchase; cf. Sanscr. vasuas, price; vasuam, wages; and perh. Germ. Gewinn], sale.a.Dat.(α).Form venui (late Lat.):(β).rogavit haberetne venui lacte?
App. M. 8, p. 210, 12:cantherium venui subicere,
id. ib. 8, p. 221, 29.—Form veno (post-Aug.):b.posita veno irritamenta luxus,
Tac. A. 14, 15:quae veno exercerent,
id. ib. 13, 51.—Acc. venum (class.):dare aliquem venum,
to sell, Liv. 24, 47, 6:venum cuncta dari,
Claud. in Rufin. 1, 179;hence the compound venumdo, q. v.: ut ejus familia ad aedem Cereris venum iret,
Liv. 3, 55, 7:pileatos servos venum solitos ire,
Gell. 7, 4, 1:venum iturum,
Sen. Const. 3, 2:seque et sua tradita venum Castra videt,
Luc. 4, 206:venum redibat,
Claud. in Eutr. 1, 37.
См. также в других словарях:
Gratia — 1. Cum gratia et privilegio, sagte der Pfaff und ging zur Abbatissin. – Hoefer, 834. 2. Deo gratias ist der Mönchen Tranckgelt. – Henisch, 1467, 8. *3. Er kümmert sich weder um Gratias noch Benedicite. Holl.: Het heeft gracie noch benedicite.… … Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon
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DEI-GRATIA titulus — quo olim usi sunt, non solum Archiepiscopi, Episcopi, Duces: sed etiam Abbates, Priores, Comites, minimi interdum Magistratus et Legati. Comites praesertim, iura Regia obtinentes, et Abbates mitrati, vulgo Angl. Abbots Souverains, Indignantibus… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
FUFIUS Geminus cum Rebellio Gemino — A. C. 782. Cos. Gratiâ Liutae Augustae promotus dicax et Tiberium acerbis facetiis irridere solitus. Tac. Ann. l. 5. c. 1. et. 2 … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
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grace — Grace, bien et plaisir qu on fait à celuy qui ne l a deservi, Gratia. Bonnegrace, Elegantia. Bonnegrace et contenance, Palaestra, B. ex Cic. Cela n a point de grace, Non habet genium, Bud. ex Martiale. Qui a mauvaise grace, Inconcinnus homo,… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
AARON — I. AARON Magus quidam insignis, qui cum gratiâ et auctoritate plurimum apud Manuelem Comnenum Imperatorem posset, Magiae accusatus est, et excaecatus, cum simulacrum testudinis prolatum esser, in quo erat imago hominis, qui ambos pedes habebat in … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
AMBITIO — apud Solin. c. 25. ubi de Britannia, Navig ant autem vimineis alveis, quos circumdant ambitione tergorum bubulorum: est ἡ περιβολὴ. Uti apud Tertullianum de Pallio, Cum latioris purpurae ambitro et Galatici ruboris superiectio Saturnum commendat … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
BAVARIA vulgo BEYERN — BAVARIA, vulgo BEYERN Ducatus Germaniae, secundus Imperii circulus, ab Avaribus Hunnorum reliquiis nomen habens, qui Noricis expulsis ca in terra consederunt, et B. literâ adiectâ Bavatiam dixerunt, ut quidam volunt: Matcus vero Baernwick natum… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
ORITHYIA — I. ORITHYIA Marthesiae filia, Amazonum post matrem Regina, tum ob belli industriam, tum ob perpetuam virginitatem, conspicuam se, ac mirabilem praestitit. Haec ubi comperit, bellum, vim quoque sororibus suis illatam ab Hercule et Theseo, hortatur … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
BENEDICTUS Carpzovius — I. BENEDICTUS Carpzovius ex Marchia Brandeburgica, fil. Simonis Consulis, Iurisconsultus eximius, Wittenbergae in Iurecoss. Collegium cooptatus A. C. 1592. ibi Institutiones primo, A. C. 1599. dein Digestum Infortiatum et novum, A. C. 1601.… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
